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Aim and Background: Death is an undeniable reality, and every one may confront with the death of beloved ones sooner or later. Death of a beloved one is among the worst events a child might ever experience throughout his or her life. Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) has increasingly been used to ameliorate the emotional consequence of death in children and adolescences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive CBT on the bereaved high-school students who have lost one of the members of their families. Method and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study in which 20 bereaved students (girls = 10, boy = 10), who have lost one member of their family, were randomly selected from the bereaved students in Eghleed district in Fars province. They were then divided into two groups i.e. the experimental (n = 10) and the control groups (n = 10). The experimental group received 8 sessions of CBT, the control group received no intervention. California Test of Personality (CTP) was administered on both groups before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests using SPSS software. Findings: The analysis of the data indicated a statistically significant difference between the experiment and control groups in total score of adjustment inventory (P < 0.02). The analysis of data in sub-scales indicated a statistically significant difference in score of individual adjustment (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in total score of social adjustment (P < 0.1). Conclusions: The results suggested that CBT has increased adjustment in bereaved children, and it might be used as an effective technique to enhance mental health in bereaved children.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Psychological interventions can have a decreasing effect on the symptoms of patients with somatoform disorders, via improving psychological, social and familial status of the patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) on anxiety, depression and stress in female with somatoform vertigo. Methods and Materials: This was a case-control research with pre test, post test and follow up. &nbsp; That was conducted in2011 in laboratory of psychology at the Isfahan university. The sample was consisted of 28 patients with somatoform vertigo, according to the diagnosis of neurologist . Then, they randomly assigned to experimental and control group and completed The DASS test was used on both groups in pre test post test and follow up phases. The experimental group received CBSM for 10 sessions, each session 2 hour, for a period of 2. 5 months. The data was analyzed by ANCOVA. Results: The mean of anxiety, Stress and depression scores, was significantly decreased in experimental group in posttest and follow up. Conclusions: It is suggested that cognitive behavioral stress management have had a positive effect on decreasing anxiety, stress, and depression in patients with somatoform vertigo.

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Aim and Background: Recently, “Third wave” behavioral and cognitive interventions have received extensive attention between researchers.To evaluation of the efficacy of one of these treatments, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), This Study compares this treatment with Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (OCD).   methods and Materials: In this study a quasi- experimental design with pre - posttest was used. Implementation of this study was from February 2011 to October 2012 in the Parse`s center of Psychiatry and Psychology.The experimental groups were Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (n =13) and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (n =13). Both groups received 10 two-hour treatment sessions once a week. In control group 12 patients participated (wait list). In order to assess the severity of OCD, psychological flexibility and depression, Yale Brown Obsessive- compulsive scale (YBOCS), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. Data were analyzed using Multiple Analysis of Covariance in SPSS. Finding: Comparison of the treatment groups suggested that there was significant difference between ACT and wait list groups in all scales and this difference maintains in follow up (P=0.01). In addition, comparison of CBT group with wait list in posttest indicates that there was signifficant difference between two groups, except of psychological flexibility variabele, and these results maintain in follow up too (P=0.01). In post test, two groups show significant difference only in Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (P= 0.05) not in reduction of OCD symptoms and depression. ACT was more effective in increase of psychological flexibility and this superiority maintains in follow up (P= 0.01). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, both Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, made significant changes in OCD symptoms. So, current study provides an empirical support for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in treatment of OCD.

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Abstract Aim and Background: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy and filial therapy in reducing internalizing problems in children. Methods and Materials: The statistical population of this research were primary school children 7-8 year- old in Isfahan city . In order to select of sample group by using the cluster sampling, at first 3 regions between regions of Isfahan city were selected. Then in each region, 2 schools were selected randomly. Moreover, mothers of all 7-8 year-old children in these schools completed CBCL (Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001).then 30 children who obtained the highest score of internalizing scale of the CBCL were selected as a sample group. Children were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: child-centered play therapy and filial therapy. In child-centered play therapy group, each child participated in 16 sessions play therapy and in filial group, mothers received 10 group session. In two group, mothers completed CBCL twice before the intervention and twice after intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data Findings: The data revealed significant difference between play therapy and filial therapy in decreasing internalizing problems and anxiety/ depression but filial therapy was not more effective in depression/ with draw. Conclusions: Then, filial therapy can be considered suitable alternative for child-centered play therapy in decreasing internalizing disorder and depression/withdraw &nbsp;

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Aim and Background: Many studies have shown that mortality rate among the patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) is greatly influenced by their mood. While positive psychological states are associated with improved cardiovascular function in these patients, positive psychology interventions have not been used in patients with cardiac diseases. Hence, this study examined the effectiveness of three happiness interventions on psychological variables in patients with cardiac diseases. Methods and Materials: In present study, 68 patients with cardiac diseases were assigned randomly to three happiness intervention groups, including Seligman, Lyubomirsky and Fordyce, and a control group. The intervention groups completed 6 weeks of happiness sessions, and pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up measurements were carried out on the patients. Assessments included the status of depression, happiness, life satisfaction and hope. Data were analyzed with one-way repeated measures analysis of covariance. Findings: All three interventions improved happiness in patients significantly (P < 0.01). In addition, significant reduction of depression in Fordyce group was observed (P < 0.05). Besides, hope increased significantly in Seligman group at posttest and follow-up (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings show that these happiness interventions may be led to more promising results in promoting positive psychological states and reducing depression in patients with cardiac diseases. In general, Seligman happiness intervention in promoting positive psychological states and Fordyce happiness intervention in reducing depression lead to better outcomes than two other interventions.

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Aim and Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases and is one of the biggest health problems in all countries. The most important strategy for controlling chronic patients is self-care behaviors. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Interactive Diabetes Management Training (IDMT) and Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) on self-care in type II diabetic patients.

Methods and Materials: This was a semi-experimental research and the population of this study included 2450 diabetic patients in Isfahan's Um Al-Benin Clinic, 39 of whom were selected through a convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of control and one control group. Groups Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) for diabetic patients completed before and after education. Experimental group one, (SIT), and two groups of (IDMT) training received a weekly and group-based 90-minute training session. But the control group did not receive these training. The research findings were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS-19 software.

Findings: IDMT and SIT were effective in diabetic patient’s self-care and both training increased self-care for participants. But there was no significant difference between the two methods of intervention (p ≤.319).

Conclusions: SIT and IDMT can be used as an effective interventional method for increasing self-care in diabetic patients.

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Aim and Background: Psychiatric disorders are gaining top rank in the burden of disease. Undoubtedly, knowing their prevalence in children and adolescents can help prevent and control these problems and save money. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Isfahan. Methods and Materials: According to the nature of the research, the research method is a fundamental type that was performed on 1010 children and adolescents in Isfahan province in 2017 that were randomly selected using multistage cluster sampling. Clinical psychologists are trained to conduct research refer to the selected children's homes and using the Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview for Mental Disorders and Schizophrenia for children and adolescents, Current Detection and Lifespan (K-SADS-PL). In addition, demographic data (gender, age, education, parental education, and economic status) were also collected. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed by SPSS software using frequency indices and frequency. Findings: According to the findings, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Isfahan province is 14.8% and the prevalence of these disorders in boys is higher than in girls. Also, according to the results, the prevalence of these disorders in the age range of 10-14 years was more than other ages. Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in the city were more than children and adolescents in the village. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Isfahan province is in the middle range compared to other studies carried out in other researches carried out inside and outside the country. However, the need for mental health policies in childhood and adolescence is suggested to reduce the burden of damage in the future and provide solutions to the proble m.

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Aim and Background: Substance abuse disorder or addiction is complex behavioral problems arising from many interacting factors, including social, cultural, environmental, psychological and biological. Therefore, the aim of this study was prediction of addiction potential using developmental assets in adolescents.

Methods and Materials: This study was a descriptive-correlational research. To achieve this purpose, 500 students (250 boys, 250 girls) of 10 and 11 grades in Arak were selected by stage cluster sampling. The participants completed Iranian Addiction Preparedness Scale (IAPS) and Developmental Assets Profile (DAP). Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using Pearson correlation and regression analysis.

Findings: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between developmental assets and its dimensions with addiction potential and its components in adolescents (p<.05). Also, developmental assets and its dimensions predict the addiction potential and its components (p<.05).

Conclusions: Results of present study showed that developmental assets an important role in predicting addiction potential in adolescents. Therefore, consideration of these predictive variables by researchers, specialists, therapists, and planners seems necessary to prevent drug substance abuse disorder or addiction.

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Aim and Background: Diabetes is a factor of many physical and psychological disorders. Nowadays, the concept of adherence in diseases be attention and has been developed due to changing the illness pattern from acute to chronic, changing its ideology from cure to prevention, limited economical resource and shortening the Duration of hospitalization of patients. In order to, the aim of this study was to survey of effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on health related beliefs among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods and Materials: research method was semi experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design. From patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to Assaluyeh health centers, 30 subjects were selected purposely and were assigned in control and experimental groups randomly (15 subjects each group). To collect the data the Health Beliefs Questionnaire (HBQ) was used. The data analyzed using MANCOVA.

Findings: Results of data analyzing showed that acceptance and commitment therapy on health related beliefs of patients with diabetes type 2 is effective (p<.05).

Conclusions: Results of the research showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective on health related beliefs. Theoretical and practical considerations of the results showed that the ACT as an effective therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes in medical centers could be applied.

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Aim and Background: Dental anxiety is one of the important reasons for people to avoid dental care. The exacerbation of symptoms can be due to difficulty in cognitive emotion regulation; therefore, treatment is needed to improve cognitive emotion regulation and to reduce symptoms; Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and severity of symptoms in Dental Anxiety Patients.

Methods and Materials: A clinical trial study was performed on patients with dental anxiety. Thirty-two patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 10 weekly sessions of 90 minutes for two and a half months under acceptance and commitment based on the Hayes model presented. The control group was on the waiting list. Dental Anxiety Questionnaire (DAI) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used to evaluate the dependent variables and the questionnaire (SCL-90-R) and pulse oximeter were used as screening tools. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS software.

Findings: According to the results, the mean and standard deviation of dental anxiety in the pretest of the experimental group was 121.3 ± 10.5 which were upgraded to post-test and follow-up respectively 89.1 ± 7.8 and 87.9 ± 8.1 which was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Also the mean and standard deviation of positive cognitive adjustment in the pretest of the experimental group was 41.12 ± 5.40 which were upgraded to post-test and follow-up respectively 46.81 ± 5.75 and 47.37 ± 5.80 which was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Mean and standard deviation of negative cognitive adjustment in pretest of experimental group was 30.37 ± 3.51 which were upgraded to post-test and follow-up respectively 34.37 ± 4.22 and 35.31 ± 3.87 which was statistically significant (P<0.0001). In addition, the difference between dental anxiety scores, positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up in the whole study sample and the difference scores of these variables in the three stages of the study were significant in the two groups (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy is a promising intervention to improve cognitive emotion regulation and reduce the severity of symptoms of dental anxiety patients.

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Aim and Background: In recent years, simultaneously with the high incidence of psychological disorders, the worry about children’s mental health and its influence on their growth and functions has been increased. Children’s behavioral disorder plays an important role in this regard. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is known as the third prevalent childhood disorder. Since the management of destructive outcomes of ODD disorder can be considered as both treatment and prevention, specialists have placed particular emphasis on the assessment, diagnosis, and early treatment of this psychological disorder. The goal of the present study was to investigate and identify the moderating factors of ODD in children.
Methods and Materials: Research data was collected and analyzed through qualitative approach and grounded theory. The study population included all the parents of ODD children (aging 6-12) of pre and primary schools of Isfahan in the year of 2019. In pursuit of this goal, 12 parents meeting the criteria to enter the research were chosen according to the targeted convenience sampling with two questionnaires of Child Symptom Inventory, parent-form (Gadow and Sprafkin, 1994) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). Data analysis was conducted using Strauss & Corbin (1986).
Findings: The obtained findings were as follows: 73 primary codes through open coding, 5 subcategories through axial coding based on subject similarity, and finally 2 categories of parenting and non-parenting factors through selective coding.
Conclusions: A set of parenting and non-parenting factors plays a crucial role in moderating and managing children’s oppositional behaviors.