---

Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of life skills training to reduce depressive symptoms in students of Piranshahr, Iran. Methods and Materials: A total number of 64 male high school students who scored 96-140 on children's depression scale were selected randomly from Piranshahr. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group attended 12 sessions of group life skills training. However, the control group received no intervention. Both groups completed children's depression scale before and after the intervention. Findings: The results of analysis of covariance showed that life skills training was effective in reducing depressive symptoms and significantly reduced social problems, and preoccupation with death and diseases. The treatment was however found to be ineffective in reducing affective responses and sense of guilt and improving self esteem and pleasure. Conclusions: According to our results, it appears that a complete treatment of depressive symptoms requires a more extensive training.

---

Aim and Background: Today, substance use disorders and their serious consequences are associated with many serious medical and psychiatric problems. In this regard, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of positivist psychotherapy and reality therapy on cognitive disorder and relapse anxiety in addicted patients.
Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The study population included all addicts undergoing treatment referred to specialized clinics for substance abuse treatment in Kerman in 2020. Among them, 45 (24 males and 21 females) were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups: 15 in the first experiment, 15 in the second experiment, and 15 in the control group. The first experimental group received a positivist psychotherapy intervention and the second experimental group received William Glasser reality therapy - each treatment - in 8 sessions of 90 minutes (2 sessions per week) as a group; The control group was placed on a waiting list for two months to receive the most effective intervention. In order to collect data, Mason et al.'s (1994) Cognitive Disorder and Anxiety Return Questionnaire was used to collect data. Fisher's analysis of covariance and post hoc tests were used to analyze the data.
Findings: Findings showed that both positivist psychotherapy and reality therapy are effective in reducing cognitive disturbance and relapse anxiety in addicts; However, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatments on reducing cognitive disturbance and relapse anxiety (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that positivist psychotherapy is more effective than reality therapy on cognitive disturbance and return anxiety to the addicts under treatment. Tarab returned to the addicts under treatment.

---

Aim and Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person's social interactions, communication, and behaviors. The prevalence of autism is increasing worldwide. Meanwhile, the experience of caring for a person with autism is a special and unique experience that creates a lot of stress for their parents. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct mindful parenting training and transdiagnostic treatment on parental stress and self-compassion in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Methods and Materials: The design of this research is a quasi-experimental one with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder in the age range of 5-12 years who referred to autism centers in Mashhad in 2024. The sampling method in the first stage was based on purposeful sampling, and 45 mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder who met the criteria for inclusion in the study were randomly assigned to three groups of 15: two experimental groups and one control group. Research tools included the Parenting Stress Index and the Self-Compassion Scale. In this study, treatment sessions were conducted based on the treatment protocol of the mindful parenting method of Bögels and et al. (2014) and the transdiagnostic treatment program of Barlow and et al. (2011). Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Findings: The results obtained from repeated measures analysis of variance showed that both mindful parenting interventions and transdiagnostic treatment were able to improve parental stress and self-compassion in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group (P<0.01).
Conclusions: Mindful parenting training and transdiagnostic therapy by teaching mothers appropriate methods of dealing with children with autism spectrum disorder improved emotional regulation and self-compassion skills, as well as reduced stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.