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Aim and Background: In this study we examined the efficacy of Unified transdiagnostic Treatment in reduction of Women with generalized anxiety disorder pathological symptoms. Methods and Materials: In the present study we used non-congruent multiple baseline experimental single case study design. Three women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) were selected&nbsp; from patients of Tabriz two counseling and psychiatric service centers in 2012 by using purposeful sampling method, along with diagnostic interview and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) based on disorders axis I. Patients underwent the treatment process subsequent to obtaining treatment requirements. &nbsp;The efficacy of Unified transdiagnostic Treatment Protocol (UP) was carried out in three phase of intervention (Baseline, 12 session treatment and 6 weeks follow-up) by using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-Q-IV) and The Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) evaluated. Data analyzed with visuals inspection, improvement percentage and reliable change index (RCI) strategies. Findings: Results showed Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment&nbsp; is both clinically and statistically (p<0.05) significant efficient on the reduction of treatment&#039;s target (worry, symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and&nbsp; severity of anxiety and functioning impairment) severity. Conclusions: Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment has appropriate efficacy in the symptom&nbsp; reduction of women suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

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Aim and Background: Deficiency in balance functions of individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been highlighted in the body of literature. There is also a close relationship between physical activities and alleviation in behavioral disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance training along with methylphenidate consumption on balance in rats with ADHD. Methods and Materials: The present study was a laboratory research. The samples were 35 Wistar rats (weight: 181.66 ± 8.69 g) which were randomly categorized into 5 groups (each group = 7 rats). To induce ADHD in the rats, they were injected 10 mg/kg of L-NAME for 8 weeks and 6 days per week based on the weight of the rats. The groups included 1 control group and 4 groups of ADHD (MPH consumption, endurance training, MPH consumption and endurance training, and ADHD). Open field, balance beam, and 5-band treadmill tests were used as research tools. Balance test was taken after 4 weeks of training. The medication group received 1 mg oral methylphenidate per kg weight of rats daily. The rats received training at a rate of 2 to 20 m/minute for 5 days a week for 28 days. The duration of the training in each session in the first week and the familiarization time was 2 meters/minute and overtime per week was 20 meters/minute. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Findings: Analysis of data showed that there is no significant difference between the pretest and posttest in the control group (P = 0.17) and the ADHD group (P = 0.17). However, there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest in the ADHD + training, ADHD + methylphenidate, and ADHD + methylphenidate + exercise groups (P = 0.001). Furthermore, Tukey's post hoc test results showed that the control group's balance was better than all other groups (P < 0.001). The balance of all groups except the control group was better than ADHD group (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between ADHD + endurance exercises group and ADHD + methylphenidate group, and ADHD + methylphenidate and ADHD + endurance training + methylphenidate consumption groups in terms of balance (P < 0.001). Conclusions: It seems that it can be concluded that 30 minutes of endurance training per day can be a suitable alternative for methylphenidate among rats with ADHD.

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Aim and Background: Significantly, in most previous studies, it has been recognized that fear of falling is one of the health threatening factors of the elderly, especially in people with Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the core stabilization training program with and without the use of neurofeedback on the fear of falling in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods and Materials: In this semi-experimental research, the statistical population included men with Parkinson's disease who referred to Rehabilitation Centers in Tehran City, Iran, during 2016. Based on the criteria for entering and leaving the research, 30 eligible individuals were identified and randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 including 20 experimental subjects (core stabilization training, and core stabilization training with neurofeedback) and 10 controls. The research tools included the Fall Efficacy Scale International Form (FES-I) neurofeedback apparatus. Shapiro-Wilk, t, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and least significant difference (LSD) post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: 12 weeks of core stabilization training and core stabilization training with neurofeedback had significant effects on the fear of falling among the patients Parkinson's disease (P < 0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference between the results of the two experimental groups regarding fear of falling (P < 0.001). But there were significant differences between the control and the two experimental groups (P > 0.001 for both). Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that in order to reduce the fear of falling in patients with Parkinson's disease, core stabilization training and core stabilization training with neurofeedback can be used.

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Aim and Background: Emotional disturbances are caused by various factors that include two general biological and cognitive components. Understanding the factors affecting emotional disturbances is important in improving the quality of life of individuals. This study was aimed to determine the role of acceptance, mindfulness, and the sensitivity of behavioral inhibition/activation systems in predicting emotional distress among university students. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive correlational research, the statistical population included all students in Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran. Among them, 380 subjects (190 girls and 190 boys) were selected through cluster random sampling. To collect the data, Carver and White's Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Scale (BIS/BAS), Bond et al. Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-second version (AAQ-II), Baer et al. Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, were used. To analyze the data, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression were used. Findings: The behavioral inhibition/activation systems, acceptance, and mindfulness could significantly predict about 45% of depression variance, 53% of anxiety variance, and 41% of stress variance related to emotional distress. Conclusions: According to the findings, it could be concluded that stress, anxiety, and depression as emotional distress are the result of the behavioral inhibition/activation systems, acceptance, and mindfulness effect. To emotion regulation, attention should be paid to behavioral inhibition/activation systems, and mindfulness.

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Aim and Background: Today different doses of drugs are used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Non-medical treatments such as physical activity have recently been considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance training along with methylphenidate consumption on Behavioral symptoms in male rats with ADHD.

Methods and Materials: A laboratory research method was used. The subjects were 40 Wistar rats (mean and standard deviation of 181.78 ± 8.39 g) and aged 8-12 weeks. A 5-member group (mean and standard deviation of 182.6 ± 51.6 g) were randomly selected for sampling and blood sampling, and 35 rats (mean and standard deviation of 181.66 ± 8.09 g) to 5 Group 7 (control group and 4 groups of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: methylphenidate use, endurance training, methylphenidate use and endurance training, without methylphenidate and no endurance training). 10 mg L-NAME for 8 weeks and 6 days per week for each rat was injected sub peritoneally for the attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in rats. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and nitrite oxide (NO) were used to detect hypertension in rats after L-NAME injection. The open field test for over-active detection, and 5-band treadmill for endurance training of rats were used. The balance test was taken before and after 4 weeks of training. The drug group received 2 mg of methylphenidate daily per kg of body weight orally. The rats ran for 28 days each day (5 days a week) for 28 days. The practice load for training groups included running at speeds of 2 to 8 m / min for 30 minutes. Descriptive statistics were used to determine mean, mean, standard deviation, drawing tables and charts. For normalization of the distribution of dependent variables from the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and one-way variance for intra-group variation.

Findings: The results showed that the number of stands in the control group was higher than in all other groups and the number of traveled squares was less (p<0.001). The number of stands in the ADHD group was lower than in all other groups and the number of traveled squares was higher (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the number of stands and the number of traveled squares in the ADHD group + Endurance exercises with ADHD + methylphenidate and also the ADHD group + methylphenidate + endurance training (p<0.001).

Conclusions: It seems that endurance training and methylphenidate consumption affect the behavioral patterns of the animal model of ADHD and it can be recommended that physical activity be used as an effective method to replace the use of methylphenidate.

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Aim and Background: The effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on anxiety has been investigated in the subject area, but the effect of EMDR on exercise anxiety and performance is very low. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on Anxiety and Physical Performance in Athletes. Methods and Materials: The research was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test design and experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study was Karate and Taekwondo martial arts athletes. The sample was selected based on entry and exit criteria of 30 people. The tools used in this study include the CSAI-2 Competitive Anxiety Inventory and the Digital-Pinch / Grip Analyzer MIE electronic dynamometer. Inferential analyzes of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used to measure the normal distribution of data. In the inferential statistics, independent t-test and dependent t-test were used. The significance level of 0.05 Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. Findings: The results of this study showed that Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing on anxiety has a significant effect on athletes (P<0.001). Also, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing has a significant effect on physical performance in athletes (P<0.001). Conclusions: It seems that Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing affects the reduction of anxiety and increase the performance of athletes. Therefore, it is recommended that more research is done to further generalize the results.

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Aim and Background: Some studies have looked at the effects of drugs such as methylphenidate on sexual parameters, testicular development, sperm motility and spermatogenesis, and the negative effects of these drugs have been shown on this variable. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the comparison of two approach of exercise training and therapeutic on some structural changes in testicular tissue in rats with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Methods and Materials: A Laboratory research method was used. The research design was a post-test type with experimental and control group. 40 male Wistar rats (4-6 weeks) were divided into two control groups (7 heads for comparison with L-NAME injection group) and the L-NAME injection in the first stage. In the second stage, the L-NAME injection group at the age of 8 to 12 weeks (mean and standard deviation of 184.23± 7.83 g) was divided into 5 groups (for blood sampling and angiogenesis and nitrite oxide converting enzyme evaluation before Intervention group) and 4 groups of 7 ADHD groups without medication and no endurance training (compared with intervention groups), and intervention groups including ADHD+ endurance training, ADHD+ methylphenidate, ADHD+ endurance training+ methylphenidate intake. ADHD+ Methylphenidate and ADHD+ Endurance Exercise+ Methylphenidate 2 mg daily methylphenidate was given daily for 5 days per week orally. The open field test for overactive detection, and 5-band treadmill for endurance exercises in rats were used. The practice load for training groups after 5 days of introduction in the first week was 20 m/min, the second and third weeks were 25 m/min, the fifth was 30 m/min, and the sixth and seventh weeks were 35 m/min.

Findings: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the diameter of the seminiferous and spermatogenic tubules and the lidik cells in the control group compared to the ADHD+ endurance training group, but between the control group and the other groups (ADHD without exercise and without methylphenidate, ADHD+ methylphenidate consumption, ADHD+ methylphenidate consumption+ endurance training) had a significant difference (P≤.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the sertoli cells of the control group and ADHD without exercise and without methylphenidate (P ≤.001), but compared with other groups (ADHD+ endurance training, ADHD+ methylphenidate consumption+ endurance training, ADHD+ methylphenidate consumption), there was no significant difference (P≥.05).

Conclusions: It seems that Endurance exercises can to replace the use of methylphenidate in relation to structural changes in the testicular tissue in the animal model of ADHD.

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Aim and Background: Studies have shown that mindfulness affects many psychological variables. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on sexual dysfunction and sexual satisfaction in women with meta-marital relationships.
Methods and Materials: The research method is quasi-experimental and applied. The research design was pre-test, post-test and experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women with spouses with meta-marital relationship referring to Tehran Psychological Health Clinic. As a quasi-experimental type of study, 29 patients (control and experimental groups) were selected as sample size based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research instruments consisted of Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ) and FSFI. In the present study, the shapiro wilk test was used to investigate the normal distribution of data. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, repeated measures test and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Findings: The results showed that due to the difference between the means of sexual satisfaction and sexual function, scores from pre-test to post-test increased. There was also a significant difference between the mean post-test and follow-up of sexual satisfaction and sexual function in the experimental group (p <0.001). The difference between pre-test and post-test for sexual satisfaction and sexual function in the control group was not significant (p = 0.552). There was also a decrease in mean post-test and follow-up of sexual satisfaction and sexual function in control group (p = 0.906).
Conclusions: It seems that mindfulness can affect many psychological variables such as sexual disorders and sexual satisfaction of women with spouses with meta-marital relationships. Further research is recommended to increase external validity.

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Aim and Background: Social participation is a psychological concept that is important in adolescents. By participating in social activities, a person can recognize his abilities and talents and reach maturity through gaining experience. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-regulation in the relationship between parenting styles and adolescent social participation. The research method was fundamental in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of data collection method.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population included all adolescents in Arak who were studying in secondary schools. The sample consisted of 510 adolescents (255 boys and 255 girls) who were selected by cluster sampling method. Data collection tools were Bumrind parenting style questionnaire, Bogard et al.'s self-regulation questionnaire, and Branigan’s eagerness to participate in social activities. Data analysis was performed using structural equation method with Smart PLS software.
Findings: The results showed that the direct effect of permissive parenting style on social participation and its indirect effect through self-regulated mediation (p<.05), the direct effect of authoritarian parenting style on social participation and its indirect effect through self-regulated mediation (p<.05), and finally the direct effect of authoritative parenting style on social participation and its indirect effect through self-regulatory mediation on social participation were confirmed (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be said that self-regulation plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and adolescents' social participation.

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Aim and Background: Aging is associated with changes in physical, motor and mental functions and can affect people's lifestyles; therefore, the aim of this study was the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on stress and balance in older men.
Methods and Materials: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population includes men aged 60 to 70 years who referred to rehabilitation and psychology centers in Shahrud in 2020. Purposeful sampling method and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, 24 qualified people were randomly identified and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 12 people. Finally, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, the number of subjects was reduced to 21 people, including the cognitive-behavioral therapy group based on mindfulness 11 people and the control group 10 people. Research instruments included Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Cohen et al. (1983) Perceived Stress. In this study, SPSS statistical software version 25 was used to analyze the data as well as One-way analysis of covariance.
Findings: The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy had a significant effect on balance and stress in older men (P≤0.001).
Conclusions: It seems that mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral interventions affect research variables. However, in order to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested that more research be done.

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Aim and Background: Research has shown that adequate education on marriage-related issues can affect coupleschr('39') beliefs; therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of premarital education by the method of awareness program and interpersonal selection and multidimensional indigenous approach on dysfunctional couple beliefs in marriage seekers.
Methods and Materials: The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all marriage applicants in Arak who referred to the Center for Sustainable Life in 1399, and 60 of them were randomly selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups of interpersonal knowledge and selection program (20 people). The native group (20 people) and the control group (20 people) were included. In this study, the content of premarital training sessions based on the principles and techniques of the Interpersonal Awareness and Selection Program (PICK) was two weekly 90-minute sessions and native multidimensional training in 10 40-minute sessions. Done. The data collection tool was Eidelsen and Epstein (1982) Communication Beliefs Questionnaire and covariance analysis test was used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 22.  
Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of premarital education through the program of knowledge and interpersonal choice and the native multidimensional approach on communication beliefs, expectation of mind reading and no change of spouse (P≥0.001).
Conclusions: It seems that people who participate in premarital education programs have better communication growth, less destructive exchanges and more support, and also have lower divorce rates.

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Aim and Background: The global prevalence of COVID-19 has affected mental health and has had many psychological consequences especially for athletes; Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict the mental health based on the Mindfulness, Age and Sex Scale in Athletes in Guilan Province at the Outbreak of COVID-19.
Methods and Materials: The research method is descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of elite athletes of Guilan province in 1400. Sampling method was determined randomly and based on entry and exit criteria by referring to sports clubs and physical education offices of 95 people. The research tools were the mindset of Brown and Ryan MMAS in 2007 and the SCL-90-R questionnaire of Dragotis et al. In 1999. Descriptive statistics and dispersion indices as well as descriptive statistics and correlational statistical tests such as Pearson and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. SPSS software version 25 with a significance level of 0.05 was used.
Findings: The results showed that there is a relationship between mindfulness scale and mental health in male and female athletes in Guilan province according to age (P≥0.001). Also, the variable of mindfulness predicts mental health according to gender in athletes in Guilan province (P≥0.001).
Conclusions: It seems that mindfulness can be a predictor of mental health in men and women athletes.

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Aim and Background: Sleep is one of the important elements in circadian cycles that is associated with the restoration of physical and mental strength and has a great impact on quality of life. Sports activities are among the interfering factors in improving the quality of sleep and quality of life; Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of aerobic exercise on improving the mental quality of sleep and quality of life of the elderly.
Methods and Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study and the subjects of this study were 40 elderly people in 1399. For data analysis, a researcher-made demographic questionnaire was used and the standard questionnaires for measuring Petersburg quality of sleep (PSQI) and quality of life (SF-36) were used. An appropriate training protocol was used for the intervention and data were analyzed. Shapiro-Wilk, dependent parametric t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon tests were used and statistical calculations were used by SPSS software.
Findings: After aerobic exercise, the average score of sleep quality decreased from 8.1 to 6, ie 26% improvement in sleep quality and the average score of quality of life increased from 78.63 to 81.73, ie 4% improvement in quality of life was observed (p≤ 0.05).
Conclusions: It seems that the intervention has a significant effect on the studied variables and sports activities improve the level of sleep quality and quality of life of the elderly.
 

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Aim and Background: Nowadays, in the global society, it is necessary to examine people's behavior, especially their behavior patterns. Health promotion is receiving more and more attention due to its central role in health care. The main goal of this research was to investigate the structural relationships between abnormal personality traits and fear of the corona virus with health-oriented behavior patterns during the covid- pandemic.
Methods and Materials: The research method of this study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included the employees of Alzahra State Hospital in Isfahan. The sampling method was available and according to the table of Morgan and Gerjesi, it was equal to people. The research tools included the questionnaire of abnormal dimensions of personality (PID-5), the scale of fear of the corona virus (Visi et al.) and health-oriented behavioral patterns (Walker et al.). Pearson's correlation coefficient (with SPSS. software) and structural equation modeling (SMART PLS.) were used for data analysis.
Findings: There was a relationship between abnormal personality traits and health-oriented behavior patterns during the covid- pandemic period (p<.05). There was a relationship between the fear of corona virus and health-oriented behavior patterns during the covid- pandemic period (p<.05). Also, the mediating role of fear of corona virus in the relationship between abnormal personality traits and health-oriented behavioral patterns was significant (p<.05).
Conclusions: According to the results of the current research, it can be said that fear of corona has a significant mediating role in the relationship between abnormal personality traits and health-oriented behavioral patterns.

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Aim and Background: The experience of independent living, changing lifestyle, quick consequences and dormitory life are among the challenges of students, which can have negative effects on the level of sleep and quality of life of students. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of 12 weeks of aerobic exercises on the level of sleep quality and quality of life indicators of students.
Methods and Materials: The research method is semi-experimental. The statistical population of the research was made up of female students of Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, who were selected purposefully and based on the entry and exit criteria of 27 people. The PSQI questionnaire was used to measure sleep quality and the SF-36 questionnaire was used to measure the subjects' quality of life. The special exercise protocol of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) was used for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Dependent and independent t-tests were used for data analysis and for statistical calculations using SPSS version 25 software.
Findings: The results showed that the exercise protocol had a significant effect on the quality of sleep and quality of life and their components (P<0.05).
Conclusions: It seems that the desired exercise protocol can be used as a suitable strategy and approach to improve the quality of sleep and quality of life in students, however, considering that the number of subjects. More research should be done in order to increase the external credibility of research.

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Aim and Background: Quality of life includes different dimensions of physical, mental and social health and comfort of people's lives and is affected by various factors. For this reason, this research was conducted with the aim of predicting emotional intelligence based on the quality of life of married people with the mediation of self-confidence in married women.
Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research included all married women living in Semnan who had referred to counseling centers. The sampling method was purposeful and based on entry and exit criteria, 384 people were selected based on Morgan's table. The data collection tools include Petrides and Farnham's standard emotional intelligence questionnaires, World Health Organization's quality of life, and Cooper Smith's standard self-confidence questionnaire. Data analysis was done using ANOVA and regression tests. Also, SPSS software, version 26 was used at a significance level of 0.05.
Findings: The results of the research showed that among the variable dimensions of self-confidence, the educational and occupational scale ranked first with 41.2%, the social scale ranked second with 34.4%, the family scale ranked third with 23.1% and the general scale. With 19.15%, they are in the fourth place and the lie scale with negative 18.9%, affecting the quality of life of married women. Therefore, the role of self-confidence dimensions is significant (p<0.05). The results of examining the effect of emotional intelligence on self-confidence in married women in the research model were 21.9%. Also, the beta value of the relationship between married people's quality of life and emotional intelligence was found to be 0.469 in the first model and 0.539 in the second model, and the moderating variable of self-confidence has an increasing role, and its value is 0.274, and the moderating role of confidence is breath was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the results, clients can be informed about how low self-confidence can add to their psychological problems and how they can overcome their psychological problems with emotional intelligence to increase their quality of life during marriage.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of combining aerobic exercise and diet with and without mindfulness motivational interviewing on cravings and quality of life of overweight non-athletes’ men.
Materials and Methods: semi-experimental research method with a pre-test and post-test research design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research was made up of non-athletic men referring to the clubs of Shahrood city. The sampling method was purposeful, and based on the criteria for entering the research, 34 people were selected randomly into 3 control groups (12 people), aerobic exercise and low-calorie diet (11), and aerobic exercise and low-calorie diet together with interviews. Motivation and mindfulness (11) were divided. The research tools included the food craving questionnaire (FCQ) and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance was used for intergroup changes using SPSS version 25 software and a significance level of P<0.05.
Findings: The results of the research showed that there is a difference between the post-test averages of craving variables and quality of life in the control and experimental groups (p≥0.001). But there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups (p≤0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that both experimental groups have the same effect on quality of life and craving variables. In this regard, in order to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested that more research be done.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy on behavioral problems, feelings of loneliness and depression of deaf children.
Materials and Methods: The research method is semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the research was made up of deaf children of Shahrood city. The purposeful sampling method is that based on the research entry criteria, 30 children from exceptional Kedars of Shahrood city will be selected, who will be divided into 2 groups in a simple random manner. Research questionnaires included Asher's feeling of loneliness in children and adolescents, Covey and Patterson Behavioral Problems Questionnaire (RBPC) - Revised form, and Maria Kovas Children's Depression (CDI). Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the research data. All statistical operations of the research were considered using SPSS version 25 software with a significance level of P<0.05.
Findings: The research results showed that after controlling for the effect of the pre-test, the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the two groups is significant for the variable of behavioral problems and depression, and the mean scores of the experimental group in the variable of behavioral problems and depression are also significantly lower than the control group. p > 0.001). Also, the difference in the mean scores of the post-test feeling of loneliness in the two experimental and control groups is significant (P=0.031).
Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it can be said that play therapy is a suitable approach and intervention in reducing behavioral problems, depression and loneliness of deaf children.

 

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Aim and Background: Research has shown that stuttering has a negative impact on a person's overall vitality and emotional, social, and psychological health, potentially leading to a reduction in the quality of life of adults who stutter; So, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy based on mindfulness on social anxiety, self-efficacy and quality of life of adults with stuttering with a psycholinguistic approach.
Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adult men with stuttering who referred to psychological clinics in Mashhad in 1402. Among these people, 30 people were selected by available sampling and according to the entry and exit criteria. In addition, they were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). participants in the pre-test and post-test stages of social anxiety scales; World Health Organization quality of life short form; They completed the self-efficacy questionnaire. The experimental group received the cognitive behavioral therapy program based on mindfulness in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group was subjected to regular daily training. Data analysis was done using SPSS-24 software and multivariate analysis of covariance test, following statistical assumptions.
Findings: The results showed that training based on cognitive behavioral therapy based on mindfulness is significantly effective on social anxiety, self-efficacy and quality of life of adults with stuttering (P<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the research results, it is possible to help improve social anxiety, self-efficacy, and quality of life of adults with stuttering through cognitive behavioral therapy based on mindfulness.

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Aim and Background: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Pathological Dimensions of Personality with The body dysmorphic symptoms was carried out through the mediation of Rejection Sensitivity and Social-Cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance.
Methods and Materials: The current research was descriptive and  based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population; all the students of the second secondary level of the five districts of Tabriz in the academic year of 1402-1403 were selected by available sampling method in the number of 396 people and answered  questionnaires of body dysmorphic symptoms (Oosthuizen et al.), schemas Yang's early maladaptive (short form), Pathological Dimensions of Personality (PID-5), Social-Cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance (SATAQ-3) and Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity (Park). SPSS software was used to calculate descriptive and correlation indices, and AMOS software was used to model structural equations.
Findings: Based on the results in the modified model of the research, all the hypothesized direct paths, except for the path of Pathological Dimensions of Personality to body dysmorphic symptoms (effect size: 0.11 and P: 0.09), have a significant positive and direct effect (P<0.05). In addition, the mediating role of Rejection Sensitivity and Social-Cultural Attitudes towards Appearance in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Pathological Dimensions of Personality with body dysmorphic symptoms is at a significant level (P< 0.01).
Conclusions: The results show that early maladaptive schemas and pathological dimensions of personality can predict the formation of body dysmorphic symptoms based on the mediating mechanisms of Rejection Sensitivity and Social-Cultural Attitudes towards Appearance among teenagers.