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Abstract Aim and Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease and can extremely affect on body esteem at patients and changes obviously Emotions and attitudes with body in patients. Based on this study was to examine body esteem in patients with MS. Methods and Materials: This research Study was descriptive, 395 patients of the MS Society in Tehran in 2012 were selected by convenience sampling. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire of body esteem. Data was analyzed by independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and post hoc Scheffe test using SPSS/16. &nbsp; Findings: According to score of body esteem (3.25) and the overall average score for body esteem (42.25), Patients with multiple sclerosis had favorable body esteem. There were significant relationship between body esteem and marital status (p=0.011), educational level (p<0.001), occupational status (p=0.004), income monthly (p<0.001) and duration of disease (p=0.004), whereas this relationship for between body esteem and age were significant inverse (p<0.001). Conclusions: Where of Human feeling about body esteem is equal to value that hears, sees and senses is created in the mind and community have a role effective in improvement body esteem, the nurses can change people reaction in the first encounter with physical disabilities and so play a main role in positive assessment body esteem and take up valuable of them.

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Aim and Background: Infidelity in marriage is a major cause of marital dissatisfaction and also the main cause of marital and sexual conflicts and incompatibilities, therefore; the purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the religion-based forgiveness training and the fairness-based contextual therapy on improvement of self-esteem and empathy of betrayed women in Ahvaz.
Methods and Materials: The research method was experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group with random assignment. The statistical population of this research included all married women who had experienced infidelity who referred to international counseling centers and Rah Kamal in Ahvaz city, out of which 45 people were selected using available sampling method and randomly and equally passed to the training group. Religion-based (experiment 1), fairness-based contextual therapy group (experiment 2) and control group were assigned. Subjects responded to Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (1965) and Bateson's scale of empathic traits (Bateson et al. 1983). Each experimental group received the number of relevant training sessions based on their respective instructions, while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS software version 26.
Findings: The results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that religion-based forgiveness training and justice-oriented contextual therapy increase self-esteem (p < 0.001) and empathy (p < 0.001) of betrayed women compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two methods in increasing self-esteem (p = 0.415) and empathy (p = 0.114) of betrayed women.
Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be said that in order to help increase the self-esteem and empathy of betrayed women towards their husbands, any of the methods of religion-based forgiveness training or justice-based contextual therapy can be used successfully.
 

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Aim and Background: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of Emotion Focused Therapy on Alexithymia and Internalized Self-Criticism in Neurotic Perfectionist girls.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population consisted of all Neurotic Perfectionist girls in Ahvaz. The research sample consisted of 5 girls that were selected according to the results of the neurotic perfectionism questionnaires (NPQ), using purposeful sampling method. In this research, a single-case experimental design, type of concurrent multiple baseline designs was used. Instruments were Toronto ʼs Alexithymia Scale (1994), Thompson and Zuroff ʼs The Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (LSCS) (2004). The data was collected in three phases of baseline, during intervention, and three month follow-up.
Findings: The findings indicate that the subjects in the treatment phase experienced improvement in Alexithymia (10.58) and Internalized Self-Criticism (21.32), and in the follow-up in regards to Alexithymia (19.41) and Internalized Self-Criticism (51.76). The change index was indicative of meaningful changes (z=1.96 α=0.05).
Conclusions: Therefore, the research findings illustrated that Emotion Focused Therapy reduces Alexithymia and Internalized Self-Criticism in Neurotic Perfectionist girls.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation training and compassion-based therapy on psychological symptoms and risky behavior in working children.
Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design and control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the working children of Ahvaz city in 1400, and to collect data, 45 of the children were selected using a screening interview. They were selected in a purposeful way and after matching based on demographic characteristics in pairs and individuals and randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15 people, (experimental group with emotion regulation training (15 people), experimental group with compassion-based therapy) (15 people) and a control group (15 people) were assigned. At first, all participants completed the depression-anxiety-tension scale (Lavibond and Lavibond, 1995) and the risk-taking scale of Iranian adolescents (Zademohammadi et al., 2019), then the subjects The experimental groups were trained in emotion regulation and compassion-based therapy, while the subjects in the control group did not receive any intervention. After the interventions, all subjects completed the research questionnaires. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance and univariate analysis were used.
Findings: The results showed that emotion regulation training and compassion-based therapy are effective on psychological symptoms and risky behavior (p≥0.05) and as a result of these interventions can reduce psychological symptoms and behavior. Risky work in children. In addition, the results of follow-up tests showed that emotion regulation training had a greater effect on reducing risky behavior in working children compared to compassion-based treatment (p≥0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that both have the same effect on research variables; Although it has had a more lasting effect in the follow-up phase of emotion regulation training

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Aim and Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy (ACT-CBT) on changing attitudes and self-esteem.
Materials and Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design and a control and follow-up group. The statistical population of this research included all self-identified addicts of Dezful addiction treatment centers. First, a Dezful addiction treatment center was selected. Then, a sample of 30 people was selected using the available sampling method and they were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was subjected to combined acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy during 10 sessions. The control group did not receive any treatment during this period. To collect data, the attitude towards addiction and theoretical drugs questionnaire (1378) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) were completed by the participants in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. To analyze the data in this research, univariate covariance analysis was used in SPSS-20 software. The significance level of all tests was considered less than 0.05.
Findings: Combined acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy had a significant effect on changing the attitude and self-esteem of self-reported addicts in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results showed that this treatment is an effective strategy for changing the attitude and self-esteem of self-identified addicts and it can be used as an effective treatment method.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that teaching creativity and learning strategies promotes optimism and adaptive performance in procrastinating female students.

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Aim and Background: In addition to inflicting distress and functional impairment, the Cyberchondria phenomenon could cause a heavy burden to healthcare professionals by increasing in number of visitors to hospitals and medical centers. Cyberchondria can be helpful in choosing and designing psychological interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to explore relationships between two components of psychological flexibility (Mindfulness and Cognitive diffusion) to Cyberchondria and the possible moderator effect of COVID-19 Anxiety in this relationship.
Methods and Materials: The method used in this study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all students who were studying at Shiraz University in the academic year 2021-2022. Convenience Sampling was used to choose participants. Data gathering was done on the Internet because of social distancing obligations. 262 participants completed study questionnaires. The tools used in this research were the Cyberchondria severity scale (CSS), Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). The structural equation modeling method and Lisrel software were used to explore the relationship between study variables.
Findings: The presented model has a good fit. No significant relationship was found between mindfulness and cyberchondria. Cognitive Diffusion also had direct and indirect (through COVID-19 Anxiety) effects on Cyberchondria. Therefore, a significant statistical relationship was confirmed between study variables.
Conclusions: In sum, it seems cognitive defusion significantly contributes to cyberchondria symptoms, and COVID-19, as a mediant variable, plays a significant part in individuals' vulnerability against cyberchondria. 

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Aim and Background: The present study aimed to predict the quality of life based on the perception of suffering, meaning of life, social support, and psychological flexibility in irritable bowel syndrome patients and by a correlational descriptive method.
Methods and Materials: The study's statistical population comprised 140 patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Isfahan in 2022-2023. To collect information from the quality of life questionnaires of Patrick and Drasman (IBS-QOL), the experience and perception scale of Scholz et al, the meaning in life questionnaire of Steger, Fraser, Avishi and Kaler, the acceptance and action questionnaire of the 2nd edition and colleagues and the background of the study of the medical consequences of social support (Sherborn and Stewart) were used.
Findings: The results showed that among the variables studied in the regression, the best predictor of quality of life was social support in the first step, the meaning of life in the second step, and the perception of suffering in the third step. Accordingly, in the first step, the coefficient of social support accounted for 52.6% of the variance of the quality of life, in the second step, the coefficients of social support and meaning of life accounted for 55.6% of the variance of the quality of life, and in the third step, the coefficients of social support, the meaning of life, and the perception of suffering accounted for 57/2%.
Conclusions: Considering the significant role of the perception of suffering, the meaning of life, social support, and psychological flexibility in predicting the quality of life, a comprehensive care program for irritable bowel syndrome patients is proposed by developing and increasing the above variables to improve their quality of life.