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Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Introduction: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is an acute and dangerous syndrome which usually arise as a side-effect of Neuroleptic drugs. Its high mortality rate, acute course and the current controversies about the best treatment method indicates the necessity of further investigation on its clinical features, predisposing factors and effective therapeutic methods . Method and Materials: Retrospectively in a 4-year period, we studied patients hospitalized with NMS applying a 7-section questionnaire assessing: drug historys, the underlying psychiatric disorder, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, treatment methods and their outcomes, and duration of hospital stay. Findings: Rigidity and impaired consciousness were the most common clinical findings. Haloperidol, perphenazine and risperidone were the most common antisychotics used before the NMS onset. Mood disorders, schizophrenia, and mental retardation were the most frequent underlying disorders. The most common prescriptions for treatment of NMS were bromocriptine, fluid and electrolytes therapy, and amantadine . Discussion: In diagnosing the NMS, impaired consciousness, especially when being accompanied by rigidity and fever, may be a more sensitive criteria than it is currently believed. Bromocriptin and fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy among many other treatment methods, and also interventions for prevention of NMS complications may play important roles in reducing its mortality rate .  

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Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Abstract Introduction: Parents' attitude toward parenting styles is one of the factors that affect how they treat their children. Through enhancing the knowledge, educational interventions can moderate such attitudes. Studying new health educational models is essential for improving the traditional ones. The purpose of this study was to assess mothers' attitude toward child abuse before and after educating the behavioral intention model. Method and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental single group before and after study. The sample consisted of 45 mothers with a child abusive attitude randomly selected among the referees to one of the Falavarjan health homes. The Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI) questionnaire was used to assess their attitude toward parenting style. Data was analyzed using t-paired test via SPSS soft ware. Results: Comparison of pretest and post test scores using paired samples t test indicated statistically significant improvement in attitudes whole mean scores (p ). Conclusion: The findings indicate that educating parents may change their attitude toward proper parenting style. Such educations may result in better parenting behaviors and fewer instances of child abuse and neglect.

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Aim and Background: Considering to adverse consequences of infidelity on couples well-being and longevity of marital relationships, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between love schemas and Justifications for extramarital involvement and affairs in married women. Method and Materials: This was a descriptive-correlation study and the samples included 250 married women who were randomly selected among clients of counseling and cultural centers in Isfahan. The participants completed the Love Schema Scale (LS) and Justifications for Extramarital Involvement Questionnaire (JEIQ). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Scheff&eacute;&#039;s post-hoc analysis. Findings: There was a relationship between love schemas and justifications for extramarital involvement, and significant differences were found in justification for extramarital involvement between love schemas (P < 0.001). In general, women with the secure type reported the least endorsement for all the aspects of justification for extramarital involvement (P <0.001). Conclusions: The results of this study provided exprimental support for utility of model of love schemas in intimate relationships, and indicated the importance of considering the role of love schemas on possibility of extramarital involvement that may have useful implications for determining the couple therapy interventions in this area.

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Abstract Background and Aim: The intolerance of uncertainty model was initially developed as an explanation for worry within the context of generalized anxiety disorder. However, recent research has identified intolerance of uncertainty (IU) as a transdiagnostic maintaining factor across the anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to compare the intolerance of uncertainty in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD),obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD) and control group. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional and ex-post facto investigation (causal comparative method). Statistical universe constituted all patients had been referred the first to the Bozorgmehr clinic in Tabriz in the 1389_1390. In this study, 30 client with Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 30 client with Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD) and 30 control group were selected accessibility. The groups were matched in demographic characteristics with other. Data were collected through a structured clinical interview and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS). The gathered data is analyzed by SPSS-17 and descriptive statistic indexs and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Results: The present study has found that people with GAD ,OCD ,and PD disorders compared with controls, according to the f=89/6 significance levels of /0001 had higher intolerance of uncertainty, but people with GAD, OCD, and PD disorders were not significantly different in the intolerance of uncertainty. The results showe differences between the (GAD, OCD, and PD) disorders and control groups in the (F=1/7), significance level0/0001, F=23/5 ,and significance level 0/002,in the two factors  the intolerance of uncertainty questionnaire.   Conclusion: In tolerance of uncertainty is not just for generalized anxiety disorder, It construct seen in the obsessive compulsive disorder and panic disorder. It seems cognitive factor of intolerance of uncertainty plays a pivotal role in causing in this disorders. A potential application of these results for the treatment of anxiety disorders are treatable.  

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Aim and Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of transactional analysis based on motivational interviewing on patients with eating disorders. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was performed using a multiple baseline single case design. The study subjects consisted of 2 female clients of the psychological counseling unit of Imen Teb Zagros Center in Shiraz, Iran, in 2013. The participants were selected by purposive sampling method and underwent transactional analysis based on motivational interviewing. The subjects completed the Ahwaz Eating Disorder, Food Habits, Body Attitudes, Personality States, Interpersonal Relationships, and Self-esteem Questionnaires during pre-treatment (baseline) and at the third, eighth, fourteenth, nineteenth, and twenty-third sessions, and one-month follow-up. Moreover, their body mass index (BMI) was measured during the course of the treatment. Recovery percentage and the effect size were used for data analysis. For data analysis, percentage improvement and effect size index were used. Findings: The results showed that motivational interview-based transactional analysis was effective in curing patients with eating disorders and was been able to cause lasting and significant changes in all targets. At the end of the treatment and follow-up period, both participants demonstrated overall improvement in eating disorder (73%), eating habits (74%), body image (60%), interpersonal relationships (62%), self-esteem (54%), and personality states (76%). Conclusions: Transactional analysis based on motivational interviewing can be an effective treatment for patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

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Aim and Background: The presence of a mentally retarded child in each family affects the structure and mental health of that family, especially the parents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training problem-solving skills on depression and anxiety in mothers of children with mental retardation. Methods and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and follow-up method along with the control group. The study population was mothers of children with mental retardation in Shahrekord City, Iran, in the year 2016. 30 mothers were randomly selected and assigned to two equal groups of experimental and control. The research instruments were as Beck Depression Inventory second edition (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). First, both groups were given pretest; then, experimental group was trained for 7 sessions of 2 hours twice a week according to training problem-solving skills; and after training, posttest was taken from both groups. Data were analyzed using covariance method. Findings: Compared with the control group, problem-solving skills reduced depression and anxiety among experimental group (P < 0.050). Problem-solving skills reduced depression and anxiety in mothers of children with mental retardation with covariance changes of 71.9 and 72.7 percent, respectively. Conclusions: Training problem-solving skill can be used as an effective educational program to decrease depression and anxiety in mothers of children with mental retardation.

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Aim and Background: Accurate and flexible inhibitory control of automatic, cognitive, and emotional responses for adaptive behavior at the time of unpredictable events is a basic requirement of the daily life. The deficit in this executive function is the core of several disorders such as attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance abuse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of interferential inhibitory control and former reward inhibitory control at the presence of emotional and non-emotional stimuli through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Methods and Materials: 20 volunteer subjects with the mean age of 21.7 years (age range: 19-30 years) were investigated in three status including anodal stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anodal stimulation of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and pseudo-stimulation through Stroop and go/no go tests that were used for assessing interferential inhibitory control and former reward inhibitory control, respectively. Findings:  Stroop test showed a significant difference in accuracy of Stroop task performance (P < 0.001) and an insignificant difference in speed of performance (P > 0.050). The results of go/no go test also showed an insignificant difference both in response accuracy (P > 0.050) and in time of response (P > 0.050). Conclusions: Considering the involvement of two different brain structures in emotional processing and inhibitory control, stimulating one structure for simultaneous improvement of these two functions is not effective, and more evidence is needed for simultaneous improvement of inhibition and emotion.

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Aim and Background: Today, using social networks has become a natural modern behavior, but the harmful forms of using them have become very noticeable in the last two decades. The aim of this study was to examine the role of temperamental and characteristics shades, basic psychological needs, and early maladaptive schemas in prediction of vulnerability to addiction in the form of structural relations. Methods and Materials: This research was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study population included all undergraduate students who were studying at the Farhangian University of Tabriz, Iran, in 2016-2017 academic year. Regarding the fact that the population included both genders with different fields of study, stratified sampling method with optimum allocation was considered and 280 students were selected. Data were collected using Cloninger et al.’s Temperamental and Characteristics Inventory (TCI), Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire, Young Schema Questionnaire (75-item) (YSQ-75), and Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire (ASQ). For data analysis, descriptive and referential statistics were used through SPSS and LISREL softwares. Findings:  Structural model analysis showed that temperamental and characteristics shades, basic psychological needs, and early maladaptive schemas can predict and explain different paths of vulnerability to addiction in the form of structural relations. Conclusions: In order to improve the mental status in students, attention to these variables during clinical trials with the goal of designing appropriate intervention models or modifying the present ones will be beneficial.

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Aim and Background: The aim of this study was constructing and validating the scale of expressive and instrumental behaviors of couple's relationship. Methods and Materials: The population includes all married people in telegram's groups, population of Tehran citizens and sports spaces in Sa'adat Abad district of Tehran. The entering criteria is three-month-married couples who can read and write. Sampling was based on Convenience sampling method. Findings: Based on the results of performing factor analysis with Varimax rotation and factor load of at least 0.3 in five stages, finally, twenty-two items remained in five factors. The first five-item-factor entitled self-expressive and self-instrumental behaviors (α=0.818), the second five-item-factor is expressive behaviors related to relationship (α=0.824), the third five-item-factor called expressive and instrumental behaviors related to spouse (α=0.715), the fourth three-item-factor entitled instrumental behaviors related to relationship (α=0.827), and the fifth four-item-factor called expressive and instrumental behaviors related to environment (α=0.756). The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.861. Conclusions: According to Epstein-Baucom theory, the expressive and instrumental behaviors are in four realms- self-centered, relationship, spouse, environment-and eight factors in total. But in interviewing the four couples, it was revealed that people were not completely able to differentiate between expressive and instrumental behaviors. In the exploratory factor analysis, it was also concluded that except in the realm of the relationship, the expressive and instrumental behaviors were not separated in other three realms.

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Aim and Background: One of the main concerns of health psychology is the follow-up of patients of treatment adherence. Lifestyle self-efficacy related to weight and psychological distress, are the factors that play important roles in explaining the rate of treatment adherence in obesity surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the mediation role of treatment adherence in the relationship between weight-related lifestyle self-efficacy, psychological distress and weight loss in obese patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy surgery method.

Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive correlational and the statistical population included all obesity patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy surgery at the Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center and 200 of them were selected by available sampling method. Research instruments included Body Mass Index, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale- short form, and General Adherence Scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method.

Findings: The results of this study showed that direct effect of self-efficacy on weight loss (P<0.01, β=0.169) and indirect effect treatment adherence (P<0.01, β=0.77) were significant. The direct effect of psychological distress on weight loss (P<0.05, β=-0.186) and indirect effect of psychosocial distress were significant (P<0.05, P=0.069).

Conclusions: It seems that self-efficacy reduces psychological distress by influencing the person and improving her resilience, leading to increased follow-up and weight loss.

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Aim and Background: Children's cancer is a special bio-psychological status that challenges the perceived social support and locus of control of mothers with different educational levels and affects their psychological adjustment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect role of education, with the mediating role of locus of control and perceived social support, on psychological adjustment of mothers of children with cancer.
Methods and Materials: This research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers of children with cancer who referred to the clinics of pediatricians of Mashhad. The sample size of 220 people was selected using targeted sampling method. Data were collected using psychological adjustment to illness scale, Rotter locus of control, multidimensional perceived social support, and demographic characteristics.
Findings: According to the results of this study, the increase in education directly and indirectly through increased perceived social support reduced maladjustment (P<.01). Also the increase in education directly related to increase in internal locus of control and decrease in external locus of control but has not indirect relationship on adjustment.
Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be concluded that increased education through perceived social support mediates the psychological adjustment of mothers. Increasing levels of education can also lead to an increase in internal control and a decrease in external control.

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Aim and Background: Regard to the impact of the sexual traumatic event on somatic and psychological functioning and the importance of this issue in students, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the severity of sexual trauma experience on somatic symptoms and the role of moderating cognitive emotion regulation strategies in Student girls abused.
Methods and Materials: The present research method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population was all students aged 14 to 17 in Tehran province in the academic year of 1997-98. In this study, two areas were selected as available (Rudehen Education Area and Four Area). By screening the cases of sexual experience (sexual harassment and sexual abuse), 273 people participated in the analysis as the main sample. The data were collected by checklist of Traumatic Experiences of Nugent Hues and Wonder Hart & Kruger (2002), Cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire Garnefsky et al. (2001), Greek’s Mental Health Questionnaire (2015), and analyzed using correlation, bootstrap test, and conditional effects.
Findings: The results of the present study showed that among the strategies of emotion regulation, Catastrophizing and rumination positivity, and acceptance negatively, were able to significantly moderate the effects severity of the experience of sexual trauma on somatic symptoms.
Conclusions: Due to the moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between the severity of sexual experience and somatic symptoms in order to promote physical health and reduce somatic symptoms, it is recommended to develop programs to study the history of trauma, especially sexual trauma in adolescents with somatic symptoms, and also by training the emotion regulation consistence strategies, effective interventions should be performed.

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Aim and Background: In recent years, simultaneously with the high incidence of psychological disorders, the worry about children’s mental health and its influence on their growth and functions has been increased. Children’s behavioral disorder plays an important role in this regard. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is known as the third prevalent childhood disorder. Since the management of destructive outcomes of ODD disorder can be considered as both treatment and prevention, specialists have placed particular emphasis on the assessment, diagnosis, and early treatment of this psychological disorder. The goal of the present study was to investigate and identify the moderating factors of ODD in children.
Methods and Materials: Research data was collected and analyzed through qualitative approach and grounded theory. The study population included all the parents of ODD children (aging 6-12) of pre and primary schools of Isfahan in the year of 2019. In pursuit of this goal, 12 parents meeting the criteria to enter the research were chosen according to the targeted convenience sampling with two questionnaires of Child Symptom Inventory, parent-form (Gadow and Sprafkin, 1994) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). Data analysis was conducted using Strauss & Corbin (1986).
Findings: The obtained findings were as follows: 73 primary codes through open coding, 5 subcategories through axial coding based on subject similarity, and finally 2 categories of parenting and non-parenting factors through selective coding.
Conclusions: A set of parenting and non-parenting factors plays a crucial role in moderating and managing children’s oppositional behaviors.

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Aim and Background: Emotions play an important role in human life. Expression and disclosure of Emotions can bring many benefits to people. The aim of this study was adaptation and determine the psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of the Emotional Self-Disclosure Scale (ESDS). In order to facilitate the implementation of interventions related to emotion disclosure, it is necessary to prepare research tools to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions and make them available to clinician. In addition, these tools allow the investigation of the relationship between emotional self-disclosure and other important psychological constructs in different populations.
Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive and correlational and sampling method was convenience. The initial sample consisted of 998 people, and the final sample, included valid questionnaires, and consisted of 976 students of public and Azad universities of Tehran and Alborz provinces. Participants who studying in the academic year 2019-2020, responded to Emotional Self-Disclosure Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Multiple Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).
Findings: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that ESDS has a five-factor structure in Iranian culture. The internal consistency of scale was desirable and Cronbach's alpha is 0.95. Correlation between ESDS with MSPSS scores indicates optimal convergent validity, and with ERQ scores indicate optimal divergent validity.
Conclusions: Based on the findings, ESDS can be used as an effective tool for researchers and clinical specialists, in evaluating the rate of expression and disclosure of a variety of positive and negative emotions. This tool will be of great help to professionals in the field of emotional self-disclosure.

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Aim and Background: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive movement and postural disorder that occurs following nerve damage in the early years and causes motor and neurological disabilities. Disorders in daily life activities, heavy medical expenses and severe dependence on others affect the functioning of the family, especially mothers. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of self-compassion therapy and psychological capital training on the tolerance of anxiety and emotional self-regulation of mothers of children with cerebral palsy.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population of the study included mothers with children with cerebral palsy in rehabilitation centers under the supervision of Shahrekord Welfare in 2019 (270 subjects) of which a sample of 45 subjects were selected and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental and a control group) were assigned. Individuals in both experimental groups participated in 10 sessions of 90 minutes in self-compassion and psychoanalytic courses. Participants answered the Simmons and Gaher (2005) Emotional Distress Tolerance Questionnaire and the Emotional Self-Regulation Questionnaire (2010) in three stages. Research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and independent t-test.
Findings: The results showed that self-compassion training and psychological capital training have increased the stress tolerance of mothers with children with cerebral palsy in the same and effective way(p<0.05) and among the two intervention methods, only psychological capital training was able to improve mothers' emotional self-regulation (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that two methods of self-compassion training intervention and psychological capital training can be used as effective intervention options to improve anxiety tolerance and self-regulation of mothers of children with cerebral palsy.

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Aim and Background: Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable to poverty and discrimination than men. Now, Unattended women are exposed to all kinds of social harms due to excessive responsibility, lack of familiarity with some social skills, lack of access to resources and consequently poor quality of life, as well as loss of network of relationships and responsibilities of dependents. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychosocial security, happiness and mental health of unattended women.
Methods and Materials: The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of unattended women is covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Kalibar city in 1399. From this population, 40 people were selected by purposive sampling and studied. So that 40 women were randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental (20) and control (20). The Maslow (1992) Psychosocial Security Questionnaire, Arhil & Lou (1990) Happiness and Goldberg (2008) Mental Health Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance.
Findings: The results showed; Acceptance and commitment therapy has an effect on psychosocial security, happiness and mental health of Unattended women and increases psychosocial security and happiness and decreases mental health in Unattended women (lower score indicates higher mental health).
Conclusions: Therefore, according to the research findings, it can be said; Institutions provide the conditions for free psychological interventions, including acceptance and commitment treatment, along with appropriate economic, educational, and cultural support for these families so that Unattended women can have a positive assessment of their social status and have favorable conditions.

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Aim and Background: The outbreak of Covid-19 virus and the occurrence of multiple peaks in the country over time has caused nurses to suffer psychological and emotional damage. According to this the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of positive psychotherapy on the resilience of female nurses with anxiety symptoms.
Methods and Materials: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the present study included the female nurses with anxiety symptoms in the city of Isfahan in the winter quarter of 2020. 40 female nurses with anxiety symptoms were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20 nurse). The experimental group received positive psychotherapy online in 8 sessions of 75 minutes per month. After the intervention, 4 nurse in the experimental group and 3 nurse in the control group had a fall. The applied questionnaires in this study included anxiety questionnaire (Beck et.al, 1998), and resilience scale (Conner, Davidson, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA and dependent t test using SPSS statistical software version 23.
Findings: The results showed that the Positive psychotherapy has significant effect on the anxiety and resilience of female nurses with anxiety symptoms (p<0.001) and succeeded in the decrease anxiety and increase psychological empowerment and resilience in these nurses.
Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy can be used as an efficient treatment to decrease anxiety and increase resilience of female nurses with anxiety symptoms through employing techniques such as a positive outlook on life and teaching optimism and hope for the future.

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Aim and Background: Considering that anxiety, especially test anxiety, has a decisive role in people's learning and performance, the investigation of factors affecting it has been discussed by researchers, therefore; The aim of the current research is to provide a model of exam anxiety based on thinking styles and learning styles with the mediation of academic self-efficacy.
Materials and Methods: The current research method is descriptive and correlational. For the research, a sample size of 400 people was selected in a multi-stage cluster. To collect information from Ahvaz Anxiety Scale Questionnaire, Learning Styles Questionnaire (ILS), Sternberg and Wagner's list of thinking styles and Scherer's general self-efficacy questionnaire were used. Path analysis method and Imus program were used to analyze the findings.
Findings: The results of the path analysis showed that learning styles and thinking styles play a predictive role on test anxiety with the mediation of self-efficacy.
Conclusion: It seems that the presented model has a good fit and both learning styles and thinking styles have a decisive role on exam anxiety with the mediation of test anxiety.

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Aim and Background: One of the common emotions in people suffering from mood and anxiety disorders is anger syndrome. The main concern for those suffering from anxiety disorders whose performance in various activities is impaired is self-harming anger and sometimes suicide. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy on anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders.
Methods and Materials: It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up design. All the patients with anxiety disorders referred to specialized psychological centers in Tehran city in 2022 constituted the statistical population of the study. 45 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and replaced by random assignment in three equal groups of 15 people. respectively, cognitive-behavioral therapy (Leahy et al., 2009) and metacognitive therapy (Wells and Fisher, 2015) were applied in 10 sessions, 1 session per week and each session for 1 hour in the subjects of the experimental groups. but the control group did not receive treatment intervention. In addition to the demographic information checklist, researcher-made form, data collection was done with state-trait aggression questionnaire. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS statistical software number 26.
Findings: The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy were effective in reducing symptoms of state anger, trait anger, and occurrence of anger and increasing symptoms of anger control at the end of treatment and after a three-month follow-up. the three-month follow-up results of the interventions also showed the stability of the treatment. also, the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been more effective in improving the scores of anger indicators in patients with anxiety disorders than metacognitive therapy (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on this, it can be stated that both cognitive-behavioral and metacognitive methods are beneficial in improving anger indicators in people with anxiety disorders. Also, the existence of the behavioral activation session can be the reason for the superiority of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

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Aim and Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that leads to considerable disability in various areas of personal, professional, and social life. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in depressed women in Isfahan.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a semi-experimental design of the pre-test-post-test type with a control group and follow-up period. The research community in this study consisted of all depressed women in Isfahan city. In this study, 45 women referred to specialized clinics in Isfahan city in 1400 were purposefully selected and examined in three groups (2 experimental groups and one control group). Patient information was collected through three demographic information tools: Beck's Anxiety Questionnaire and Beck's Depression Questionnaire. Treatment protocols included cognitive behavioral therapy (Hazelt-Stevens) and transdiagnostic treatment.
Findings: The present study explained that the average scores of depression and anxiety in the transdiagnostic treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy groups had a significant decrease compared to the control group (P = 0.001). On the other hand, there were significant differences in the scores of depression and anxiety in the two treatment groups and control group in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the transdiagnostic treatment group and the cognitive-behavioral treatment group in reducing the average scores of depression and anxiety.
Conclusions: According to the findings, transdiagnostic and cognitive-behavioral treatments can be used as a complement to medication and interpersonal treatments for patients suffering from depression, reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety. This process needs more research.