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Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Abstract Introduction: Stress has wall- known effects in the pathogenesis of many physical and mental disorders and training of stress management skills may help individuals to reduce the adverse psychological consequences of it in such conditions. This study was aimed to assess the effects of stress management skills training on the academic achievement of girl students. Method and Materials: A semi-experimental study carried out in the girls' high schools of Tiran and Karvan city in the 2006-2007 academic year. A total number of 198 students were selected through randomized cluster sampling and randomly assigned to the case and the control groups. Their coping styles were assessed using the Checklist of Stress-Revised (CS-R).After performing Stress Management Skills Training for the case group, in an active mutual participation model, the final average academic scores of the first (pre-intervention) and the second (post-intervention) academic half-year examinations were compared between the two group using t-student and t-paired tests running SPSS-10 software. Results: No significant difference was found between two groups regarding their use of problem-focused, emotion-focused, less effective and non-effective styles. Comparing the 18 coping strategy subscales, both groups showed a significant difference only in the impulsivity subscale (p Conclusion: Training stress management skills exerts positive effects in the students' academic achievement.

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Aim and Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disease that has an important effect on patients&rsquo; quality of life and their function. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of compliance therapy on Quality of life and global function of schizophrenic patient. Methods and Materials: In this randomized controlled trial 76 remission patients with schizophrenia were recruited in Noor hospital between 2008_2009. The patients were randomly allocated into the compliance therapy intervention group and the controls with the equal sample size of 38 participants. First group was on compliance therapy every 15 days (8 sessions), then monthly and 2 nd group was on usual treatment. Quality of life and global function of studied patients were assessed using a questionnaire at the beginning of study, 3 mounts, and 6 mounts after the intervention. ANOVA repeated measure was conducted to analyses the data. Findings: The means score of both global function and QOL were significantly higher in the intervention group in comparison with the controls. The mean score of quality of life was 101.2 &plusmn; 17.2 and 44.8 &plusmn; 15.6 in the intervention and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The Mean score of global function in the intervention group and control groups was 72.4 &plusmn; 11.4% and 44.3 &plusmn; 13%, respectively, 6 th months after intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Compliance therapy had proper effect on the quality of life and global function of schizophrenic patients and it seems that such interventions including mental training and longer follow-up is necessary for these patients.

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Aim and Background: The aim of the present study was to investigatethe psychometric properties of the Trait Hope Scale and its relation with psychological well-being of Iranian university students. Methods and Materials: In this descriptivesurvey, 191 students of Hamadan Islamic Azad University (mean age: 24.17 &plusmn; 4.30 years; range: 18-45 years) were selected through stratified randomsampling.The participants completed Snyder&#039;s Trait Hope Scaleand State Hope Scale, Riff&#039;s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Inventory. Data was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach&#039;s alpha and split-half methods via SPSS 16 and LISREL 8.5 . Findings: Cronbach&#039;s alpha (0.83), split-half coefficient (0.80), divergent validity (with Beck Hopelessness Scale,-0.20), and criterion validity (with Snyder State Hope Scale, 0.55) were significant (P < 0.01). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 12-item Hope Scale for adults had one latent factor thatexplained 47% of the scale variance. Firstorder confirmatory factor analysis indicated that 8items of the scalehad high factor loadings on one latent factor.Univariate model appropriately fitted with the data (adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.91, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, normed fit index = 0.98). In addition, there was a significant relation between trait hope and psychological well-being (r = 0.25; P < 0.01). Conclusions: The Trait Hope Scale has high reliability and validity and thus can be usedinfuture research.

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Aim and Background: Executive functions are the most important factors that influence students&rsquo; mathematics disorders. With the technological advances in the field of education it is possible to use a computer training program to evaluate and treat this disorder. Method and Materials: In this quasi-experimental research we selected 10 female elementary students of learning disorder centers in Tehran with mathematics disorder, and 10 normal students. The two groups were matched in age and intelligence. We tested all of the students with Key Math and executive functions tests. Students with mathematics disorders received the working memory training for 20 sessions in 7 weeks. Samples of these researches were retested using executive functions test. In order to compare the executive functions in students with and without mathematic disorders Student&rsquo;s t-test was used to analyse data. Findings: &nbsp; There were differences between executive functions in students with and without mathematics disorder. Moreover, working memory training had a significant effect on the executive function of students with mathematics disorder. There were more significant difference in average in the math disorder group in comparison to the control group. In addition, there was a significant difference in effect of executive functions pre- and post-intervention, and in follow-up. Conclusions: The results of the current study showed that the working memory computer assisted program caused improvements in executive functions of students with mathematics disorders.

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Abstract Aim and Background: The purpose of present study was to prediction of tendency toward drug use based on Substance use risk and protective factors among university students. Methods and Materials: The method of the study was to descriptive-correlational. Statistical population of study included all of Islamic Azad University students of Roudhen Branch from them 310 college students (165 male and 145 female) were selected &nbsp;by multi stage sampling methods and responded to Risk and protective factors questionnaire (Mohammadkhani,1385). Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and regression statistical methods using SPSS.18. Findings: Among protective factors self-concept and assertiveness have a negative correlation with tendency toward drug use (p<0.01) and among risk factors sensation seeking, attitude toward substance use, family conflicts, availability and social disorganization have a positive relation with attitude toward substance. The result of regression analysis showed that self-concept and attitude toward drug use could explain meaningful contribution of the attitude toward drug use variance. Also there is a significant difference between attitudes toward substance use in girls compared with boys. Conclusions: The recent study emphasis on the role of interpersonal, interpersonal and social- environmental in this area. The results of present study can be used to develop a training package in the prevention of substance abuse.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Indeed, Family caregivers of mental patients are the backbone of the Health - therapeutic care systems. To care patients with mental disorders is responsible for family members to have a lot of stress. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of group psycho educational interventions on depression, anxiety and burden experienced (stress) in families of patients with mood disorders. Methods and Materials: This research was a semi-experimental study with control group and random assignment. In this study, the experimental group composed 6 subjects and control group 9 subjects. All participants were family members of patients with mood disorders who were hospitalized in 1390 at the Psychiatric Hospital Ibn Sina. Subjects completed family burden interview scale, Beck depression inventory, Beck anxiety inventory. Experimental group attend in 12 sessions of group psycho educational interventions, but the control group received no intervention at this time. Analysis of covariance was used for statistical analyses. Findings: The findings showed that both groups are different significantly in terms of depression, anxiety and burden. Conclusions: These findings indicated that group psycho educational interventions can decrease levels of burden, anxiety and depression.  

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Aim and Background: An individual pathology observed in families is morbid jealousy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the views of family therapy specialists about interactional damages in spouses of men with morbid jealousy. Methods and Materials: The present research was a qualitative (phenomenological) study. The search population consisted of all specialists in the field of psychological family therapy. The participants consisted of 8 specialists with experiences in psychological family therapy. Data were collected through semi-structural interviews. The gathered data were analyzed through systematic method in the three steps of description, reduction, and interpretation. Findings: The results showed that from among 489 sentences related to interactional damages, 122 concepts were extracted in open coding that were disaggregated into 23 subthemes in axial coding. Finally, data were summarized into 9 categories of pathologies related to solving conflicts, communication styles, sexual relationship, communication with children, and communication with the spouse regarding familial and household issues, and cognitive, behavioral, and emotional damages which were problematic to the relationship. Conclusions: It can be concluded that, from the viewpoint of family specialists, men with morbid jealousy cause damages in their families that increase the probability of family disintegration.

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Aim and Background: Negative and positive emotional states, temptation, and anxiety are among the most important risk factors for addiction. This research aimed to study the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)-based emotional management training on anxiety and temptation in patients with drug abuse. Methods and Materials: This was an experimental research with pretest/posttest method and control group. To select the sample, the available sampling method was used. Among patients with substance abuse in addiction treatment centers in Ahwaz City, Iran, based on clinical interviews, 28 were selected. They were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental and control. Both groups passed the leaving and detoxification steps. The experimental group received 10 sessions of dialectical behavior therapy-based emotional management training, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were demographic questionnaire, Craving Believes Questionnaire (CBQ), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Findings: After the intervention, there were significant differences between experimental and control groups regarding anxiety and temptation (P < 0.001 for both). In other words, the rate of anxiety and temptation in experimental group significantly decreased in comparison with pretest and control group. Conclusions: The current study indicated that dialectical behavior therapy-based emotional management training would be an appropriate treatment for university students in order to decrease the symptoms of anxiety and temptation in those with drug abuse.

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Aim and Background: Children's cancer is a special bio-psychological status that challenges the perceived social support and locus of control of mothers with different educational levels and affects their psychological adjustment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect role of education, with the mediating role of locus of control and perceived social support, on psychological adjustment of mothers of children with cancer.
Methods and Materials: This research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers of children with cancer who referred to the clinics of pediatricians of Mashhad. The sample size of 220 people was selected using targeted sampling method. Data were collected using psychological adjustment to illness scale, Rotter locus of control, multidimensional perceived social support, and demographic characteristics.
Findings: According to the results of this study, the increase in education directly and indirectly through increased perceived social support reduced maladjustment (P<.01). Also the increase in education directly related to increase in internal locus of control and decrease in external locus of control but has not indirect relationship on adjustment.
Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be concluded that increased education through perceived social support mediates the psychological adjustment of mothers. Increasing levels of education can also lead to an increase in internal control and a decrease in external control.

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Aim and Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to some point of spinal cord or spinal neurons of end of spinal channel that frequently causes permanent changes in body’s strength, sensation, and other performances below the damaged point. When someone suffers from SCI may feel that all aspects of his/her life including mental, emotional, and social is affected. Thus, the current research aimed to examine the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) enriched with compassion on improvement of resilience and self-efficacy of patients with SCI in Isfahan province.
Methods and Materials: The research design was semi experimental with pre- and post-test and control group and random assignment. The research population includes all patients with SCI of Isfahan among whom 30 were recruited using inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either treatment or control group equally. The subjects filled out Connor & Davidson's (2003) Resilience Scale and Maddux, Mercandandt, Prentice-Dan, Jacobs, & Rogers’ (1982) General Self-Efficacy Test for both pre-test and post-test. Then, the treatment group received 8, 90-min weekly sessions of ACT enriched with compassion while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and via statistical package for social sciences version 25.
Findings: The results of the analysis showed that the training statistically, significantly improved the patients' resiliency and self-efficacy (p <.01).
Conclusions: According to the results, the ACT enriched with compassion is efficient in increasing resiliency and self-efficacy beliefs of SCI patients.

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Aim and Background: Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder causes significant impairment in social, educational, occupational and motor abilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of motor skills training on executive functions in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all male sixth grade elementary school students in Kerman in the academic year 2009-2010; The study sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). Subjects in two stages of pre-test and post-test were Swanson and Nolan Pelham (1980) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaires, Wechsler IQ (2002) Numerical Memory and Similarities Subcommittee, and Andrehori Complex Imaging Test. (1942) responded. The experimental group received motor skills training as a group during 18 sessions of 45 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 25.
Findings: The results of comparison of the experimental group with the control group showed that the executive functions of working memory and programming-organizing of the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group. And the effectiveness of motor skills training on executive functions in the post-test neighborhood was confirmed (p <0.01). The magnitude of this effect on the executive function of working memory was 0.64 and planning-organizing was 0.69(p <.01).
Conclusions: In general, the results showed the effect of motor skills training on executive functions in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. And this method can be used to treat these children.

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Aim and Background:Romantic relationships are a common global experience among human beings; however, many people experience the breakup of a romantic relationship and may suffer after the end of the romantic relationship. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on love trauma syndrome.
Methods and Materials: The method of this study was quasi-experimental and case studies. For this purpose, three female participants with the experience in romantic relationships were selected by purposive sampling in Isfahan and treated by an individual who focused on compassion during eight 90-minute sessions. Participants in the treatment phase (baseline, intervention, and follow-up) answered the Peasant Love Trauma Syndrome Questionnaire (2010). In the pre-treatment phase, the Ross Love Trauma Questionnaire (1999) and the MMPI-2RF Questionnaire were interviewed clinically. Data were analyzed by visual mapping, baseline change index, and recovery percentage formula.
Findings: The improvement rates in the love trauma symptoms variable in the post-intervention and follow-up stages were 95% and 50% in the first participant, 50% and 31% in the second participant, and 16% and 41% in the third participant, respectively. Thus, the overall recovery rates for all the three participants were 55% and 41%, respectively, indicating good and moderate treatment success in the short and long terms, respectively.
Conclusions: CFT with compassionate topical cultivation provides the opportunity for clients to go through the healing process with full awareness of their own painful experiences. Research results can be used by psychologists and counselors.

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Aim and Background: Students with learning disabilities are at a lower level in terms of emotional development and social adjustment compared to normal students. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention and life skills training on social adjustment of students with dictation disorder.
Methods and Materials: The current research was a semi-experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all the male and female students of the elementary third, fourth and fifth grades of the 3rd district of Tehran city in the academic year of 2021-2022 who were suffering from dictation disorder 20 students were selected using available sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental (10 people) and control (10 pepole) groups. The instrument of this study included Falah Chai's written test (1995), Wechsler intelligence scale for children fourth edition (1947), and Sinha and Singh adjustment questionnaire (1993). The experimental group received the training on life skills and treatment of dictation disorder during 8 sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Analysis of multivariate covariance test was used to analyze the research data All statistical operations of the research were considered using SPSS version 24 software with a significance level of P<0.05.
Findings: The results of the research showed that after controlling for the effect of the pre-test, the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the two groups was significant for the variables of social, emotional and academic adjustment, and the mean scores of the experimental group in the variables of social, emotional and academic adjustment were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Therapeutic intervention and life skills training can be used to improve the social adjustment of students with dictation disorder.

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Aim and Background: Nomophobia is a social and psychological disorder that has had a significant effect on the adolescent and young generation in developing societies and has had important consequences such as emotional upset and unfavorable interpersonal relationships. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of unified trans diagnostic therapy on mental well-being, emotional adequacy and emotional self-efficacy of adolescents with nomophobia.
Methods and Materials: This study was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The studied population included all teenagers with symptoms of nomophobia in Isfahan .Before the implementation of the intervention program, the students completed the nomophobia questionnaire and among them 30 people whose nomophobia score was higher than 35 were selected as the sample group and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, experimental and control.The participants in the research completed the mental well-being and emotional adequacy and emotional self-efficacy scales in the pre-test stages. The experimental group received the integrated metadiagnostic intervention program for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention program during this period. Then the two groups completed the mentioned questionnaires again in the post-test phase. Data analysis was done using SPSS 24 software and multivariate analysis of covariance with statistical assumptions.
Findings: The results showed that unified trans diagnostic therapy was effective in increasing mental well-being, emotional sufficiency and emotional self-efficacy of adolescents with nomophobia, and improved the mental well-being, emotional sufficiency and emotional self-efficacy of adolescents with nomophobia
Conclusions: According to the results of the research, it is possible to help improve the mental well-being and emotional adequacy and emotional self-efficacy of adolescents with nomophobia through integrated trans diagnostic treatmen