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Aim and Background: Anxiety is the most prevalent psychiatric symptom in patients with coronary heart disease. Untreated anxiety will result in adverse outcomes for these patients. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of group behavioral activation with and without familial support on anxiety reduction in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods and Materials: In a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up, 59 married men with coronary heart disease were selected with convenient sampling. They were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The participants completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Family Support Questionnaire (FSQ), and a demographic questionnaire in pretest phase, posttest phase, and follow-up phase. Treatments groups received therapeutic intervention in 7 sessions (once weekly) while the control group did not receive any intervention. All groups were followed for 6 months. Findings: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences between the therapeutic effectiveness of group behavioral activation therapy, group behavioral activation therapy with familial support, and the control group in anxiety reduction (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The effectiveness of group behavioral activation and social support on anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease would be valuable for clinicians and health professionals.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Studying the role of background causes and biomarkers on early onset cardiovascular diseases&#039; incidence as one important issue is need for prevention of these diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of background factors and biomarkers for early onset cardiovascular diseases&#039; incidence. Methods and Materials: In a descriptive study with cross-sectional design, 154 outpatients with cardiovascular diseases who attended to Tehran Heart Center and 181 healthy persons among who associated with these patients were select by convenience sampling during November 2012 to March 2013. Data were collect by semi-structured interview and demographic-disease characteristics questionnaire, then analyzed by Chi-square, Independent t test and Logistic Regression with predictive analyses software (PASW). Findings: Low family income (OR=8.325; P<0.001), higher sedentary behaviors (OR=9.671; P<0.001), loss of regular exercise (OR=5.609; P<0.002), cigarette smoking (OR=3.320; P<0.009), high triglyceride level (OR=5.125; P<0.001), high blood&nbsp; pressure (OR=6.183; P <0.004), (kg/m2>25 th ) Body Mass Index (OR=7.133; P<0.005), (&ge; 200 mg/dL) higher total cholesterol (OR=6.108; P<0.001), (&le; 35 mg/dL) decreased HDL cholesterol (OR=5.589; P<0.002) and (&ge;130 mg/dL) increased LDL cholesterol (OR=5/094; P<0.005) significantly predicted early onset cardiovascular diseases&#039; incidence (P<0.05). Conclusions: Family income level, sedentary behaviors and loss of regular exercise, cigarette smoking and biomarkers are important in early onset cardiovascular diseases&#039; incidence. Therefore, it is matter to intervention in these causes for prevention of early onset cardiovascular diseases&#039; incidence.

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Aim and Background: People with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) have grandiosity feelings of self-importance, and are faced interpersonal problems and empathy. The present research aimed to study the effectiveness of schema mode therapy approach on the reduction of narcissism's symptoms in persons with NPD. Methods and Materials: In this study, the A-B single-subject design with multiple baselines was used. The study sample was 3 clients (1 man and 2 women) referred to counseling clinic in Qazvin, Iran, and were selected by purposive sampling. After answering to the narcissistic personality inventory-40 (NPI-40), the clients were interviewed by a psychiatrist based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-5 th edition (DSM-5) criteria and were diagnosed as NPD. The research process was carried out according to the principles of the single subject experimental designs and to measure narcissism symptoms, Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III (MCMI-III) was used. Schema therapy was administered in totally twenty 60-minute sessions, 2 sessions weekly. The follow-up period was considered one month after the end of treatment. Findings: The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indexes including mean, median, visual analysis charts in two sections of internal and external with stability indicator, trend direction with the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) and the percentage of overlapping data (POD). The results showed that schema therapy was effective in reducing symptoms of narcissism in people with NPD. Conclusions: The Schema therapy effect on reducing the narcissism's symptoms of people with NPD was efficient and effective and can be used in the treatment of patients with this disorder.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) on reducing the symptoms of social avoidance and distress in people with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) . Materials and Methods: This was semi-experimental study was a pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of Semnan University in the academic year of 2017-2018. Among them, 20 Students were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned 10 subjects to the experimental group and 10 subjects to the control group. Students were screened for social anxiety disorder and diagnosis of other disorders from Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-4 (SCID-4) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). The experimental group received individual VRET for 12 sessions, 30 minutes each week. Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) was administered among the selected sample as pretest. VRET was performed in experimental group, and again, the questionnaires were administered among the participants as posttest. Findings: The results showed that VRET is effective in reducing social avoidance and distress symptoms in in people with SAD. Conclusion: The results showed the effectiveness of this therapeutic model on reducing the symptoms of social anxiety. This method can be used as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of SAD and other same disorders.