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Aim and Background: Sometimes, some people feel distressed because of their gender, usually in social, occupational or other personal grounds, which would tend to compatibility problems with gender dysphonia disorder. Therefore, the present study investigated the perceived attachment styles and parenting methods among the patients with gender dissatisfaction disorder and healthy individuals in Isfahan city, Iran. Methods and Materials: In this study, patients gender dysphoria and healthy individuals who had referred to psychiatrists in Isfahan in 2015. The participants consisted of 28 patients with gender dysphoria and 30 healthy individuals, who were selected through convenience sampling. The data collection tools consisted of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) (Reid and Collins) and Perceived Parenting Style Questionnaire (McClun and Merrell). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS Software. Findings: No significant difference was observed between the mean attachment style score of patients and healthy individuals. However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of perceived parenting style. Autocratic parenting style was more prevalent among patients, compared to healthy individuals. Nevertheless, authoritarian parenting style was adopted by healthy subjects more (59.5%) than patients with gender dysphonia (40.5%) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: With regard to the findings of the present study, parents of the patients with gender dysphonia disorder should be educated concerning parenting styles to shift their parenting style toward authoritarian style; which tends to lower these individuals&rsquo; psychological impairments.

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Aim and Background: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive movement and postural disorder that occurs following nerve damage in the early years and causes motor and neurological disabilities. Disorders in daily life activities, heavy medical expenses and severe dependence on others affect the functioning of the family, especially mothers. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of self-compassion therapy and psychological capital training on the tolerance of anxiety and emotional self-regulation of mothers of children with cerebral palsy.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population of the study included mothers with children with cerebral palsy in rehabilitation centers under the supervision of Shahrekord Welfare in 2019 (270 subjects) of which a sample of 45 subjects were selected and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental and a control group) were assigned. Individuals in both experimental groups participated in 10 sessions of 90 minutes in self-compassion and psychoanalytic courses. Participants answered the Simmons and Gaher (2005) Emotional Distress Tolerance Questionnaire and the Emotional Self-Regulation Questionnaire (2010) in three stages. Research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and independent t-test.
Findings: The results showed that self-compassion training and psychological capital training have increased the stress tolerance of mothers with children with cerebral palsy in the same and effective way(p<0.05) and among the two intervention methods, only psychological capital training was able to improve mothers' emotional self-regulation (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that two methods of self-compassion training intervention and psychological capital training can be used as effective intervention options to improve anxiety tolerance and self-regulation of mothers of children with cerebral palsy.

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Aim and Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common, costly and debilitating type of disorder among functional gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of trans-diagnostic treatment and acceptance and commitment therapy and the control group on emotion regulation and illness perception in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Methods and Materials: The present research was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all of the patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to Poursina Hakim Center of Isfahan during 2019-2020. The sample researchconsisted of 45 infected patients that were selected by available sampling method. In addition, they were randomly placed in two experimental groups (15 patients in each group) and one control group (with 15 patients). Integrated trans-diagnostic intervention of Barlow (2011) was done for the first experimental group during 8 session (90min). On the other hand, acceptance and commitment therapy of Hayes (2002) was done for the second experimental group during 8 session (90min) in two months interval and the control group did not receive any intervention. From the Broadbent et al.'s illness perception questionnaire and the Garnefski & Kraaij (2006) cognitive- emotion regulation and demographic data sheet were used to collect the findings. Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. The software used was SPSS version 19.
Findings: The results showed that trans-diagnostic therapeutic interventions and acceptance and commitment did not have a significant effect on increasing illness perception and reducing non-adaptive strategies. Trans diagnostic treatment and acceptance and commitment had affected on increasing adaptive strategies (P <0.05).
Conclusions: Therapists can adopt effective methods by using above- mentioned interventions in order to improve the condition of patients having irritable bowel syndrome to increase the efficacy of their treatments.

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Aim and Background: Infidelity in marriage is a major cause of marital dissatisfaction and also the main cause of marital and sexual conflicts and incompatibilities, therefore; the purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the religion-based forgiveness training and the fairness-based contextual therapy on improvement of self-esteem and empathy of betrayed women in Ahvaz.
Methods and Materials: The research method was experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group with random assignment. The statistical population of this research included all married women who had experienced infidelity who referred to international counseling centers and Rah Kamal in Ahvaz city, out of which 45 people were selected using available sampling method and randomly and equally passed to the training group. Religion-based (experiment 1), fairness-based contextual therapy group (experiment 2) and control group were assigned. Subjects responded to Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (1965) and Bateson's scale of empathic traits (Bateson et al. 1983). Each experimental group received the number of relevant training sessions based on their respective instructions, while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS software version 26.
Findings: The results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that religion-based forgiveness training and justice-oriented contextual therapy increase self-esteem (p < 0.001) and empathy (p < 0.001) of betrayed women compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two methods in increasing self-esteem (p = 0.415) and empathy (p = 0.114) of betrayed women.
Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be said that in order to help increase the self-esteem and empathy of betrayed women towards their husbands, any of the methods of religion-based forgiveness training or justice-based contextual therapy can be used successfully.