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Aim and Background : The aim of the present study was to examine the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance in high-risk behaviors among students. Methods and Materials : In a correlational study, from among all students of various schools of Kharazmi University in 2014-2015, 240 students (146 women and 94 men) were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The participants completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, and Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (stepwise). Findings : The correlation coefficients showed that adaptive strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective) had a significant negative relationship with some risky behaviors (dangerous driving, violence, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, alcohol consumption, and relationship with the opposite sex). The non-adaptive strategies of blaming others and catastrophizing had a significant positive relationship with the risky behaviors of dangerous driving, violence, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and sexual relationship and behavior. These results also indicated that components of distress tolerance (tolerance, absorption, and appraisal) had a significant negative relationship with some risky behaviors (dangerous driving, violence, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and sexual relationship and behavior). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that among the five adaptive strategies, strategies of acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, and positive reappraisal had predictive power for some risky behaviors. In addition, among the four non-adaptive strategies, strategies of catastrophizing, and blaming others had predictive power for some risky behaviors. Moreover, among the components of distress tolerance, appraisal and absorption components had predictive power for some risky behaviors. Overall, among other predictors, the two strategies of refocusing on planning and positive reappraisal, with explanation of 11% of variance in violence scores, had the highest coefficient for high-risk behaviors. Conclusions : From the findings of this study, it can be inferred that cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance were important predictors of risky behaviors in students. Therefore, in educational programs for the prevention and reduction of risky behaviors among students, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance require more attention.

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Aim and Background: The growing population of the elderly and their specific problems and needs make further studies necessary. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of life satisfaction in the relationship between personality factors and death anxiety in the elderly. Methods and Materials: This descriptive-correlational study was carried out using path analysis method. The statistical population included all the elderly (over the age of 60) living in cities of West Azerbaijan province, Iran, of which 234 (150 men and 84 women) were randomly selected. Data were collected using Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). To analyze data, SPSS and SmartPLS softwares were used. Findings:  Each of the variables of life satisfaction and agreement had a direct and negative relationship with death anxiety. Also, the results showed that each of the variables of neuroticism and conscientiousness had a direct and positive relationship with death anxiety. Other findings of the study suggested that neuroticism, extraversion, flexibility, and agreement were indirectly related to death anxiety through life satisfaction. Conclusions: Life satisfaction plays the role of mediation in the relationships between each of the factors of neuroticism, extraversion, flexibility, and agreement with the death anxiety in the elderly. Therefore, increasing life satisfaction is associated with a reduction in the death anxiety in the elderly. Moreover, the results confirm the assumptions of Erikson theory based on the relationship between life satisfaction and accepting the reality of death in the elderly.

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Aim and Background: AIDS is a medical and social problem that is unfortunately associated with a high prevalence in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on increasing CD⁴ cell and quality of life in AIDS patients.

Methods and Materials: The statistical population included all AIDS patients referred to Shahriar Health Centers in 2018. Thirty patients were selected by Convenience sampling method and were replaced in two groups of 15 each. Participants were assessed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and blood tests for CD⁴. Subsequently, participants in the experimental group received 8 sessions (90 minutes) of spiritual therapy and the control group received no training. Data were analyzed by using analysis of analysis and SPSS version 23 software.

Findings: The results showed that spirituality therapy had a significant effect on the increase of CD⁴ in AIDS patients, but it did not have a significant effect on the quality of life of them.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the effect of spirituality therapy on CD⁴ is effective. But spirituality has not been effective in improving the quality of life.