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Aim and Background: In this study, the psychometric properties and hierarchal structural validity of short form health survey scale (SF-36) among students using structural equating modeling was investigated. Methods and Materials: A sample with 310 students (158 male and 152 female) from Tehran University were chosen by multistage sampling method. For verifying discernment validity, two clinical sample groups were used. First group had 52 patients with physical disease and second clinical group had 58 students with psychological disorder diagnostics, which were selected from university health centers. To calculate the convergence and divergence validity, the SF-36 was administered and at the same time, the university student depression inventory (USDI), student-life stress inventory (SISI), Oxford happiness scale (OHS), mental health inventory (MHI), and social support (SS), in nonclinical sample was investigated. The first, second, and third hierarchical factorial structure of SF-36 scale was estimated by weighted least squares method, and sufficiency of model fitness was evaluated according to the Root Mean Square Residual, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, Comparative Fit Index, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index, Goodness of Fit Index, χ 2 /df, and Δχ 2 indices. Findings: The chornbach’s alpha coefficients in all subscales were satisfactory and higher than 0.70. The factor structure of SF-36 scale was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis in eight dimensions of first order including physical performance, physical role performance, body pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional role performance and mental health. Based on correlation matrix, the SF-36 scale had negative correlation with depression and stress and positive correlation with happiness, mental health, and social support, which imply satisfactory convergent and divergent validity of SF-36 scale. Conclusions: The eight first-order and three second-order factor structure showed better fit with the observed data compared with two second-order and one third-order factor structure of SF-36 scale. The confirmatory factor structure, reliability, and validity of SF-36 scale were acceptable for research and clinical diagnostics application.

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Aim and Background: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management on reducing anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms in head-family women under the coverage of Imam Khomeini's Relief Committee. Methods and Materials: Forty subjects were selected using simple random sampling method and assigned into experimental and control groups. With a pre-test and post-test control group design, the subjects in the intervention group underwent 10 sessions of cognitive-behavioral stress management training, but the control group did not. Both groups were evaluated using depression, anxiety, and stress scale in two assessment phases, and data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: Findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in pretest phase, but cognitive-behavioral stress management training, significantly decreased depression, anxiety, and stress scores in the experimental group. Conclusions: The cognitive behavioral stress management training could be an intervention program in target groups and general population under the coverage of Imam Khomeini's Relief Committee counseling centers, and with reducing depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms led to reduction in client’s problems and enhancing productivity.

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Abstract Aim and Background: Due to the high incidence of breast cancer and the importance of spiritual well-being (SWB) of patients with this type of cancer, this study was performed to predict the role of psychological, medical and demographic factors, on SWB in patients with breast cancer Methods and Materials: This Cross sectional study was a descriptive-analytic one conducted in 341 breast cancer patients with simple sampling methodology. Data collection instrument included a questionnaire contains 3 parts (demographic and medical information, SWB questionnaire and DASS-42 questionnaire). The data was analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics (One way Analysis of Variance, Student t-Test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and Multiple linear regressions), with applying SPSSv20 software. Findings: Based on study findings, there was a statistically significant relationship between SWB and stress, anxiety and depression among breast cancer patients. The results of regression analysis indicated that the stress, anxiety and depression explained totally 39.5% of the variance of patients' SWB (R 2 = 39.5). Depression in the first was the best predictions of the breast cancer patients' SWB with R 2 = 26.2. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, SWB of patients with breast cancer is predicable according to the stress, anxiety and depression. Breast cancer patients with higher grades of SWB, had lower stress, anxiety and depression so SWB is a protective factor against stress, anxiety and depression.