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Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder which results in severe impairments in job, education and family relationships. We compared different domains of Quality Of Life (QOL) in schizophrenic patients with those in healthy persons.  Methods and Materials: In a descriptive analytic study, a total number of 160 participants, including 80 schizophrenic patients (case group) and 80 healthy persons (control group) were studied. They were 15 to 45 years old. In order to get them matched regarding the psycho-socio-cultural status, we selected the control group participants from the patients' family members. We also matched the two groups for age, marital status and educational level. Patients’ were in the remission phase and 2 years or more had passed from the onset of their psychiatric disorder. We applied Hawthorne & Richardson QOL questionnaire for assessing QOL. Data were analyzed using T student test by SPSS-software.  Findings: Each group contained 48 men and 32 women. A number of 39 participants were married and the others were single, divorced or widowed. Mean age of the patient group (38.2±4.3 years) was not significantly different from the control one (40.5±3.1 years). Mean score of QOL was 33.9±4.75 in the case group and 54.6±1.12 in the control one, which indicates a significant difference. The case and the control groups’ scores for different domains of QOL were respectively as follows: (the domain of) disease (4.5±15 vs. 10.8±0.98), independent life (8.10±1.14 vs. 10.9±0.83), social relations (6.4±1.97 vs. 11±0.77), bodily sensations (8.7±1.49 vs. 10.90±0.70), and psychiatric rehabilitation (6.2±1.89 vs. 11±0.9). The mean score of each domain showed a significant difference between the two groups. Discussion: Schizophrenic patients were found to have a lower QOL than healthy individuals. This was true in all of the QOL domains. The patients’ lowest score was in the disease domain and their highest score was in the bodily sensation domain. This can be considered in determining priorities for pharmaceutical, psycho-logical and social interventions. 

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Aim and Background: One of main concerning problem among industrial organizational research was to study mood and affect in work environments. The aim of the current research was to investigate relation between mood and affect with organizational citizenship behavior and job absenteeism in work context. Methods and Materials: This was a correlational study. Statistical population consist of all personnel of Isfahan Polyacril and Isfahan D.M.T Companies, Isfahan Zob Ahan, and Isfahan Steal Complex of Mobarakeh (14985 persons) that have disadmitted absent from work for one year. The current study was administered in 2008. 35 groups (374 persons) were selected randomly from working groups of these factories that were from intact organizational groups. Instruments were job affect inventory, positive and negative affect questionnaire and organizational citizenship behavior inventory and archival data. Within analysis and between analysis, also hierarchical and OLS (ordinary least squares) regression methods were used for analyzing data. Findings: Findings at individual level indicated that absenteeism related negatively with positive tone affect and positively with negative tone affect. Also OCB conversely related to negative tone affect. At group level of analysis, absenteeism with positive tone affect had reverse relationship, while it had direct relation with negative tone affect. Conclusions: In individual level, there was a stronger relation between affect and absenteeism among members of work groups with similar mood reactions, because of group effects.

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Background and Aim: The aim of this research was study the effectiveness of&nbsp; group cognitive- behavior therapy on reducing&nbsp; body dysmorphic disorder and inter personal sensitivity among high school girls in Ahvaz city. Methods: The first sample included 800 students who were selected with&nbsp; multi&shy; stage random sampleing and completed Y-BOCS-BDD and Inter Personal Sensitivity&nbsp; Subscale Of&nbsp; SCL-90, who that gained high score in Y-BOCS-BDD are selected and under diagnostic interview and&nbsp; 30 subjects who diagnosed body dysmorphic disorder, assigned to two experimental and control group randomly (15 subject in each group).experimental group treated in 12 sessions(60 minutes) of&nbsp; group cognitive- behavioral therapy. In the end gained post&shy;test from both of group. Results: The rare of body dysmorphic disorder&nbsp; decreased (p<0/01) in experimental group in compare with pre-post test and control group. Also, inter personal sensitivity the of experimental group significantly decreased in compare with pre- post and control group. Conclusion: Finding showed that group cognitive- behavior therapy had important role in reducing body dysmorphic disorder and inter personal sensitivity

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Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression and mental health in patients with diabetes. Methods and Materials: Experimental research method was used in this study. Statistical population consisted of diabetic patients from diabetes center in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 30 patients were randomly selected and assigned to either experimental or control groups. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) was completed before and after the intervention. Experimental group received 8 training sessions of ACT, with 120 minutes duration, in Diabetes Charitable Center of Isfahan. The control group received no training at all. Findings: Results showed that ACT significantly increased scores on the BDI II compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: ACT may be considered to be an effective intervention approach for treating depression in diabetic patients.

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Aim and Background: Aggression is common among adolescents all around the world. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Aggressiveness Scale. Methods and Materials: The present descriptive and psychometric study was conducted on 607 students. The study subjects were selected from among 10-13-year-old students using multi-stage cluster sampling. All participants completed the Aggressiveness Scale and Harter&rsquo;s Academic Motivation Scale (to determine concurrent validity). Exploratory factor analysis, item-total score correlation, and reliability analyses were performed to examine the psychometric characteristics of the scale. In addition, the Samijima graded response model was used to determine the fitness of data and analysis. Findings: Factorial analysis showed that the Aggressiveness Scale is saturated by one factor and has satisfactory fitness scales. Aggression had significant relationships with academic motivation (-0.17), academic achievement (-0.41), school absenteeism (0.41), and discipline (-0.35) (P < 0.01). Cronbach&#039;s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.82. The data related to question responses had a suitable fitness with the Samijima model and the test awareness function in the range of +0.8 to +3 was a characteristic continuum. The statistical analysis was performed in SPSS, EQS, and Multilog software. Conclusions: The Persian version of the Aggressiveness Scale had acceptable psychometric characteristics among adolescents. Therefore, it can be used as a valid instrument for psychological studies. Furthermore, preventing and reducing aggression, and informing families, managers, chancellors, and teachers regarding the symptoms and causes of this problem, and methods to resolve it are necessary.

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Aim and Background: Marital quality of couples is the most important aspect of families with optimal performance. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) and couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the marital quality of conflicting couples. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experiment was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included all conflicting couples referring to consultation centers in the city of Isfahan, Iran, in 2016. The subjects (90 couples) were selected through voluntary sampling and were divided into CBCT (30 individuals), ACT (30 individuals), and control groups (30 individuals). The two experimental groups received 12 sessions of therapy (once a week). The data collection tools were a demographic characteristics form and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). Data were analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS software. Findings: CBCT and ACT made significant changes in marital quality at the posttest stage (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test implied that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of CBCT and ACT on the couples’ marital quality (P > 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, both CBCT and ACT caused significant changes in marital quality and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two therapeutic methods. Thus, the results of this study provide empirical support for increase in marital quality through both therapies.

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Aim and Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and pharmacotherapy on severity of trichotillomania (TTM) symptoms. Methods and Materials: The participants consisted of 8 women and 1 man of over 16 years of age with TTM. The subjects were chosen through convenience sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups of equal size (CBT, ACT, and pharmacotherapy groups). The present single-subject study was conducted using the A-B design. The baseline consisted of 3 sessions, and the intervention consisted of 10 weekly sessions of CBT and ACT once a week for 60 minutes and 10 pharmacotherapy sessions once every 2 weeks. One month after the intervention, the subjects participated in 3 follow-up sessions (once a month). Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS) was used to collect data. Findings: The findings of this study were analyzed based on visual analysis and descriptive statistical indicators. The results demonstrated that CBT and ACT were, respectively, more effective on the reduction of TTM symptoms severity and pharmacotherapy was the least effective. Conclusions: Considering the effectiveness of CBT and ACT on severity of TTM symptoms, the use of these therapies to reduce TTM symptoms is recommended.

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Aim and Background: Substance abuse disorder or addiction is complex behavioral problems arising from many interacting factors, including social, cultural, environmental, psychological and biological. This research aimed to study the effect of Imago relationship therapy for couples on marital stability in veteran couples. Methods and Materials: This was a quasi-experimental research with pretest, posttest, and follow up, as well as the control group. The study population consisted of all the veteran couples living in Shiraz City, Iran. The sample included 20 couples that were randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental. In the experimental group, 10 therapy sessions were conducted with an average of 90-minute. The participants answered to Marital Instability Index Scale (Edards, 1980) in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between developmental assets and its dimensions with addiction potential and its components in adolescents (p<.001). Also, developmental assets and its dimensions predict the addiction potential and its components (p<.001). Conclusions: Imago relationship therapy due to understand process unconscious and combination of insight and practice, it can increase marital intimacy.

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Aim and Background: Eating disorders are a category of mental / psychiatric disorders that cause many problems in physical health and mental functioning. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the Bulimia nervosa of overweight women.
Methods and Materials: The present study is a Semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. In this study, 40 overweight women with BMI greater than 30 in area 1 of Tehran were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects responded to the Garner et al (1982) Eating Questionnaire in two stages of pre-test and post-test. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 60 min of acceptance and commitment-based therapy in the group, while the control group received no treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 25.
Findings: Comparison of experimental groups with control group showed that Bulimia nervosa and its sub-scales (diet, overeating and mental health with food and oral restraint) were significantly reduced in experimental group compared to control group and the efficacy of acceptance and commitment-based treatment on Bulimia nervosa was confirmed at post-test (p<0.001). The effect was between 75.7% and 81.1%.
Conclusions: Generally, the results indicated a significant effect of a course of acceptance and commitment-based treatment on the variables of Bulimia nervosa and weight loss in overweight women.

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Aim and Background: The burden of caring for the mentally ill is effective as an important factor in maintaining the patient in the community. There is no specific measurement tool for assessing and measuring this issue in schizophrenic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Schizophrenia Caregivers Questionnaire.
Methods and Materials: The design of the present study was descriptive-correlational. About 147 caregivers of schizophrenia patients admitted to Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital and the Family Support Organization of Schizophrenia patients in Tehran were selected as a sample. Three questionnaires of schizophrenia caregivers, quality of life questionnaire and positive and negative symptoms questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, correlation coefficient and heuristic factor analysis.
Findings: In exploratory factor analysis, six factors (caregiver ability, interpersonal relationships, independence, social status, caregiver concern and caregiver fatigue) were extracted. In total, these six factors were able to explain 70.7% of the variance of the 32 questions of this questionnaire. The internal consistency of the subscales was also obtained with Cronbach's alpha in the desired range. The Varimax rotating matrix showed that all questions were usable.
Conclusions: The results of statistical analysis show that the schizophrenia patient care burden questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool (with a validity coefficient of 0.67) in the Iranian population.

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Aim and Background: Due to the cultural context of society, women suffer more than men after divorce. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Ellis emotional emotional therapy on psychological well-being, resilience of women on the verge of divorce in Zahedan.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population of the study is all women who refer to the court of Zahedan for divorce. The statistical sample of the study was 30 people who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. The research instruments were Reef (1989), Connor and Davidson (2003) Psychological Welfare Questionnaire. From Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mbox, Levin tests, multivariate analysis of covariance was performed using SPSS software version 25.
Findings: The results showed that Ellis emotionally rational therapy focuses on the components of psychological well-being (self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environmental control, purposeful life and personal growth) and resilience (spirituality in individuals, control, tolerance of negative emotions, trust in Personal instincts (competence) has been the most influential on the individual competence and self-acceptance components.
Conclusions: It seems that Ellis emotionally rational treatment affects all components of psychological well-being and resilience of women in the divorce province of Zahedan.
 

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Aim and Background: Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood in which adolescents experience many changes, and their reactions to these changes are different. One of the maladaptive behaviors in this regard is aggression, which has long been the focus of many interventions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of supportive psychotherapy on reducing physical aggression in male adolescents
Methods and Materials: In this study, a single case method with an A-B design was used. The statistical population included male adolescents aged 12-18 who were referred to the social emergency center with symptoms of chronic aggression during the first six months of 2020, of whom three were selected by purposive sampling. After three baseline sessions, the intervention sessions began, and a supportive psychotherapy package was administered for eight sessions of 45 minutes per week. Two follow-up sessions were held two weeks and one month after the intervention, and the results were evaluated. The data were collected by the Physical Aggression subscale of the Aggression Questionnaire (1).
Findings: A stable change index and recovery percentage were used to test the research hypothesis. Based on the overall recovery percentage of the three samples after treatment (42.77) and follow-up (48.02), it was concluded that supportive psychotherapy was effective in reducing physical aggression in adolescents. Conclusions: Supportive psychotherapy was effective in reducing aggression in male adolescents. This treatment controls aggressive behaviors by increasing self-confidence and awareness of the strengths and weaknesses.

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Aim and Background: Women with marital conflict have less resilience in their lives, for this reason, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the therapeutic package of originality in the three worlds based on Rollo May existential theory on the resilience of women with marital conflict.
Methods and Materials: The current research method was quantitative and of the type of quasi-experimental studies and pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this study included women who refer to the psychological clinics of Isfahan city, from which 26 were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. Resilience questionnaires were used to collect information. The experimental group received the therapeutic package during 14 sessions of 75 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Data analysis was done with spss-24 software and with the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measures and chi-square test at the level of 0.05.
Findings: Based on the chi-square test, no significant difference was observed in terms of age, education, and job between the two groups (P <0.05). On the other hand, this educational package has caused a significant increase in the score Subscales of competence, acceptance, trust in instincts and spiritual influences the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The results of the research indicate the significant effectiveness of the educational program of originality in the three worlds based on Rollo May existential theory on resilience in women with marital conflict. Therefore, this educational package can be used to promote the resilience of women with marital conflict.

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Aim and Background: Borderline personality disorder is one of the most costly mental disorders that lead to the loss of clinical and social resources, and due to the high costs, it is necessary to investigate the effective factors in the creation and continuation of borderline personality traits. This study was aimed to investigate the mediating role of personality organization in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and borderline personality symptoms.
Methods and Materials: The statistical society of this study consisted of all students aged 18 to 45 years of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad (N = 32000) in the period from January to March 2022. The research sample consisted of 451 students who were selected by convenience sampling method and completed the childhood trauma questionnaire, personality organization questionnaire and borderline personality scale. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method with the help of SPSS version 24 and LISREL 8.8 statistical software.
Findings: The findings showed that the direct path of childhood maltreatment to personality organization was positive and significant and to borderline personality symptoms was positive and non-significant. The direct path of personality organization to borderline personality symptoms was positive and significant. Additionally, the indirect relationship between childhood maltreatment and borderline personality symptoms was found to be mediated by personality organization.
Conclusions: The findings support the mediating role of personality organization in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and borderline personality symptoms. These findings showed that personality organization can play an indirect role in enhancing the effects of childhood maltreatment on borderline personality symptoms. Strengthening positive psychological characteristics and reducing risk factors, including traumatic childhood environments, and designing and using intervention programs can help reduce the symptoms of borderline personality.
 

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Aim and Background: Identifying factors that reduce initial hesitancy toward vaccination and increase vaccine acceptance among the general public can aid ongoing efforts to vaccinate against Covid-19. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between fear of covid-19 and desire to get vaccinated with the mediating role of Complacency and Perceived effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a correlational descriptive study, and its statistical society consisted of all students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2022-2023. The number of sample members in this research was considered to be 300 people who were selected by cluster random sampling method. To collect the data, the scale of fear of covid-19, the scale of COVID-19 Vaccination Intention, the Complacency subscale of the 5C model and the Scale for evaluating the Perceived effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine used. Data were analyzed using path analysis and SPSS-22 and Lisrel 8.8.
Findings: The age range of the subjects was between 18 and 30 years, with an average age of 21.75 and a standard deviation of age of 1.93. The research findings showed that there is the highest correlation between fear of covid-19 perceived effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. This correlation was positive and significant ((p<0.01). In addition, the lowest correlation value was observed between fear of covid-19 and the desire to get vaccinated Covid-19. This correlation was also positive and significant (p<0.01). Also, the findings of the research showed that Complacency and perceived effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine play a mediating role in the relationship between fear of covid-19 and the desire to get vaccinated Covid 19 (p<0.01).
Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of understanding the role of predictors about covid-19 and psychosocial mediating mechanisms of antecedents based on the health belief model and the 5C model on willingness to get vaccinated. Based on this, complacency and perceived effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine appeared as mediating psychological factors that affect the acceptance of the vaccine.

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Aim and Background: The comparison of different psychological approaches in terms of their effect on psychological variables is of interest to many researchers. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic treatment and hope therapy on self-care activities and reducing cognitive-behavioral avoidance in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods and Materials: The design of the research is experimental and pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all married men and women with type 2 diabetes and members of Ahvaz diabetes society in 1400. 60 of these patients were selected based on the criteria of entry and exit, screening and purposefully, and after matching, they were randomly assigned in 3 groups of 20 people. Research tools included diabetes self-care activities scale (Toobert et al. 2000) and cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale (Ottenbreit and Dobson, 2004). Data were analyzed through multivariate (MANCOVA) and univariate (ANCOVA) analyzes using SPSS software.
Findings: The results showed that integrated transdiagnostic treatment and hope therapy were effective on self-care activities and cognitive-behavioral avoidance in patients with diabetes (p<0.05); in addition, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of two types of intervention in patients with diabetes.
Conclusions: It seems that both approaches are equally effective on self-care activities and cognitive-behavioral avoidance in patients with diabetes.

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 Aim and Background: The Covid-19 epidemic has had many effects on the people's lives, especially medical students. However, little is known about the effects of this pandemic on medical students' learning, stress, and academic burnout. Therefore, the aim of present study was investigating the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between the fear of Covid-19 contagion and the academic burnout of medical students.
Methods and Materials: The research population of this study was consisted of all students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (N=4000) in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research sample was consisted of 436 students who were selected by available sampling method and completed the fear of contagion questionnaire, academic self-efficacy scale and Maslach burnout inventory–student survey. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling.
Findings: The findings showed that direct effect of fear of Covid-19 contagion on academic burnout was significant, but its effect on academic burnout was not significant. The direct effect of academic self-efficacy on academic burnout was significant. Also, indirect effect of fear of Covid-19 contagion with the mediation of academic self-efficacy on is significant.
Conclusions: The results suggest that academic self-efficacy can play an important role in increasing the effects fear of contagion epidemic diseases such as Covid-19 on academic burnout. The findings of this research can help to design or use of trainings based on self-efficacy during epidemic periods to reduce academic burnout of medical students.

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Aim and Background: Research has increasingly shown a relation between childhood maltreatment and the dysregulated behaviors observed in individuals, yet the mediating factors in this relationship have received little attention. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to explore the role of cognitive processes as mediators in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the dysregulated behaviors of individuals with bipolar disorder.
Methods and Materials: This study employed a descriptive and correlational research design. The statistical population consisted of all individuals with bipolar disorder who were hospitalized at Razi Psychiatric Hospital during the years 2023-2024. A total of two hundred individuals were selected for the research sample using convenience sampling. Data collection tools included the following: the Binge Eating Severity Scale (Gormally et al., 1982), the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (Gratz, 2001), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Saunders et al., 1989), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (Nejati, 2013), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale- Short Form (Kaufman et al., 2016), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Bond et al., 2011), and the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (Thompson & Zuroff, 2004). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and LISREL software, employing Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling techniques.
Findings: The study's results indicated that cognitive processes—including cognitive ability, self-criticism, experiential avoidance, and difficulties in emotion regulation—play a mediating role in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and dysregulated behaviors, such as alcohol consumption, binge eating, and non-suicidal self-injury, in individuals with bipolar disorder. The statistical fit of the model was strong, with the following indices: CFI= 0.96, NNFI= 0.95, IFI= 0.96, GFI= 0.92, and RMSEA= 0.072.
Conclusions: People with bipolar disorder who experienced childhood maltreatment often exhibit dysregulated behaviors due to cognitive processes. Therefore, clinical interventions focusing on cognitive processes are essential in preventing maladaptive behaviors in this population.