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Abstract Aim and Background: Evaluation of cognition is fundamental for every comprehensive epilepsy program. We sought to conduct this study to assess memory state of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy before decision for epilepsy surgery. Method and Materials: In a case-control study, 20 patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy and 20 patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy were selected using convenience sampling in Kashani hospital, Iran and 20 normal person as a control group were randomly selected; the Wechsler Memory Scale was administered to them. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Findings: In mental control, logical memory, digit span and visual memory subscales, significant differences were obtained between right-left temporal lobe epilepsy and control group (P < 0.001). However there was not a statistically difference between right lobe temporal epilepsy and left temporal lobe epilepsy in 7 subscales. Conclusions: Our findings indicated the ability of Wechsler Memory Scale to differentiate temporal lobe epilepsy.

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Neuropsychological studies have demonstrated that preclinical dementia accompanies a decreasing trend in cognitive state a few years prior to clinical diagnosis. Sudden decline in episodic memory and semantic knowledge have been found to have the capability to differentiate patients in preclinical state of dementia from those experiencing normal aging. In addition, decline in episodic memory is usually the earliest cognitive change that occurs prior to the development of clinical dementia syndrome. Asymmetry in cognitive abilities may also occur in this preclinical phase of the disease and predict imminent dementia. This review summarizes the contributions of neuropsychological assessment in early diagnosis of dementia.

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Abstract Introduction: Individual&rsquo;s lifestyle affects health. Health-Promoting Lifestyle promotes health and welfare, induces satisfaction, self-persuasion and self-improvement. Physical, mental and spiritual health of students as future human resources of each country has particular importance in order to improve and promote it. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle, mental health, coping styles and religious orientation among Isfahan university students. Methods and Materials: The study population consisted of the whole Isfahan university students. 94 students (47 females and 47 males), were randomly selected and filled out health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLPII), general health questionnaire-28(GHQ-28), ways of coping questionnaire (WOCQ) and Azarbaijani&rsquo;s religious orientation with reliance on Islam test. The data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and regression. Findings: There was a negative significant relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and mental health and between mental health and religious orientation (P<0.01). Lower scores on the GHQ-28 is indicator of more mental health. There was a positive significant relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and religious orientation. Furthermore, the results showed that there was no significant difference between the scores of males and females in health-promoting lifestyle and mental health, But there was a significant difference between them in rites-beliefs subscale in religious orientation and the emotion-focused coping style (P<0.05). The results of regression showed that the emotion-focused coping style and social dysfunction subscales had significant portion in explaining health-promoting lifestyle (P<0.01). Conclusion: Regarding to the lifestyle evolving in Iran and the situation of health-promoting behaviors among students, it&rsquo;s relation with the religious dimension and coping styles design and implementation of health education programs among different groups of people, especially students, is recommended.

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Abstract Aim and Background: The current research was evaluated the effectiveness of basic facial emotional expression’s training on recognition of basic emotions in high function autistic children. Methods and Materials: The method was quasi-experimental and used pre-test and post-test design. The target samples were five 5-8 high functioning autistic children who were selected from a clinic of autistic children according to DSM-IV-TR criterions. The training included 3 times a week, twelve 20 minutes sessions that trained six basic emotional expressions. Findings: The results show improvement in performance of participants in recognizing basic emotions. Conclusions: The training improved participant’s recognition of emotions especially emotions of happiness, sadness and anger but not about hate and fear. Thus it is recommended to use emotion’s training as a part of autistic children’s program.

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Aim and Background: Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder causes significant impairment in social, educational, occupational and motor abilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of motor skills training on executive functions in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all male sixth grade elementary school students in Kerman in the academic year 2009-2010; The study sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). Subjects in two stages of pre-test and post-test were Swanson and Nolan Pelham (1980) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaires, Wechsler IQ (2002) Numerical Memory and Similarities Subcommittee, and Andrehori Complex Imaging Test. (1942) responded. The experimental group received motor skills training as a group during 18 sessions of 45 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 25.
Findings: The results of comparison of the experimental group with the control group showed that the executive functions of working memory and programming-organizing of the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group. And the effectiveness of motor skills training on executive functions in the post-test neighborhood was confirmed (p <0.01). The magnitude of this effect on the executive function of working memory was 0.64 and planning-organizing was 0.69(p <.01).
Conclusions: In general, the results showed the effect of motor skills training on executive functions in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. And this method can be used to treat these children.