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Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Abstract Introduction: Spatial orientation abilities serve the human and most animals as a basic means for survival. This study was designed to examine the role of visual cues and the rotation of the experimental system on the spatial orientation in Albinos rats. Material and Methods: A simple water maze was used to examine the spatial orientation. Twenty five rats aged 2-3 months were distributed into three groups: 8 rates in the first group with distant visual cues, 8 rats in the second group with near visual cues and 9 rats without any visual cues. Experimental investigations were carried out at animal laboratory of Khorasgan Islamic Azad University. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and t independent tests by SPSS 12 soft ware. Results: Experimental group with distant visual cues used both types of information, namely: exocentric information based on visual cues and egocentric information based on vestibular sense. But in the two other groups, localization and orientation were based on only one of the two mentioned types of information. Conclusion: Regardless of the distances, the visual cues are very important for spatial orientation abilities in rats. The study also showed that these animals use different strategies for orientation; but if the visual cues are available, they always dominate other kinds of sensory information.

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Aim and Background: Mental health is one of the vital factors in human life. Even, the mental health is important in improving the diseases of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the intermediate role of resilience mediation in the relationship between the meaning of life and spiritual health with mental health in patients with colon cancer. Methods and Materials: Participants were 120 patients with colon cancer in stages 1 or 2 selected via convenience sampling method. Participants completed the Meaning in Life Scale (MiLS), Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale Mils Scale (CD-RISC), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25) questionnaire. Findings: Meaning of life and spiritual health were not able to predict mental health; but, resiliency could predict mental health in a positive and meaningful way. Values, goals, and life perspective components of meaning of life could tend to more resiliency, and result in more mental health. In addition, there were positive significant relationship between the meaning of life, spiritual health, and resilience mediation with mental health. Conclusions: The results showed that values, goals, and life perspective components of the meaning of life can increase the resilience, and thus reduce mental disorders and increase mental health.