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Showing 36 results for احمدی

پريسا نيلفروشان, زهره لطيفي, محمدرضا عابدي, سيداحمد احمدي,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (12-2006)
Abstract

Background & Aim: Assessment of Quality Of Life(QOL) is one of the most active areas in modern studies. QOL is a term to describe individuals' health and affective, social and physical wellbeing and also to demonstrate their ability for accomplishing daily routine tasks. This study aimed to compare QOL domains in fertile and infertile women. Method & Materials: Forty-four infertile women referred to Isfahan Clinic of Fertility and Infertility and 35 fertile women were randomly selected. Participants' level of education considered to be at least graduation from intermediary school & their range of age to be 20 to 40. QOL questionnaire was administered to all participants. This questionnaire consists of 55 questions which assess the QOL in 5 domains namely: physical status, psychological and affective status, perceived stress, enjoying life and perceived overall QOL. Data analyses were done by SPSS software. Findings: Compared to fertile women, QOL mean score was significantly lower in infertile ones(p=0.02). In the domains of physical status, perceived stress and perceived overall QOL, the two groups showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), but infertile women group had a significantly lower score on the domains of psychological- effective status(p = 0.02) and enjoying life(p = 0.0001). Conclusion: QOL is one of the important issues to be addressed in infertility counseling.
مژگان کاراحمدي, نيره اسماعيلي دهقي,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (8-2007)
Abstract

Introduction: As a result of their stressful job, nurses are supposed to be vulnerable to aggressive behaviors. This study was done to assess the rate of aggression among nurses.  Method and   Materials: This was a descriptive-analytic study on 100 nurses working in pediatric wards of all general hospitals in Isfahan in 2006. Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ) as well as a Demographic questionnaire was administered. Data was analyzed using Fisher Exact Test running SPSS software.  Findings: A total of 23% of nurses had scores more than 45. Considering the sex, 10% of men, and 24.2% of women had scores more than 45. There was no significant relationship between aggression and sex. Considering the age group, 34.8% of the nurses in the age group of 22 to 29 years old, 16.6% of those in the age group of 30 to 39 and 7% of those in the age group over 40 had scores more than 45. There was a significant relationship between aggression and age. A rate of 14.9% of the single nurses versus 35.6% of the married ones had scores more than 45. A significant relationship was found between aggression and marital status. There was also a significant positive relationship between aggression and the years of service. No significant relationship was found between aggression and the level of education, shift of work, different wards of hospital, different hospitals and the salary pay.  Discussion: Based on the results of this study, aggression was higher in the lower age group and those with lower work experience. Aggression was higher in the married group. These results should be considered in planning appropriate mental health intervention. 
عباس ابوالقاسمي, محسن احمدي, آذر كيامرثي,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (8-2007)
Abstract

Introduction: Metacognition and perfectionism may have particular relevance in cognitive consequences of substance use. Substance use is an effective means of rapidly modifying cognitive events such as feelings, thoughts, or memories. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship of metacognition and positive or negative perfectionism with psychological consequences in the substance dependent patients. Methods: This was a retrospective correlation study. The sample consisted of 75 substance dependent men selected from the Hamedan city self-representative center for treatment of substance dependence. Wales’ Metacognition Questionniare (short form), Terry & Short Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale and Addiction Psychological Consequences Checklist were administered to them.  Findings: Metacognition(r=0.65), positive perfectionism(r=-0.29) and negative perfectionism(r=0.66), were all in significant correlation with psychological consequences. Multiple regression analysis also revealed s that metacognition, negative perfectionism and positive perfectionism could explain at least 54 percent of the variance of psychological consequences.  Discussion: High levels of metacognition and negative perfectionism can increase the adverse psychological consequences, while a high level of positive perfectionism may decrease those consequences. The results are fairly in keeping with findings of other studies. 
فرشاد بهاري, مريم فاتحي‌ زاده, سيد احمد احمدي, حسين مولوي, فاطمه بهرامي,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Aim and Background: Divorce and conflict processes are overlapped. Then, couples do attempt to divorce based on experiencing the conflict levels. Hope and forgiveness interventions are aimed at reinforcing marriage and reducing divorce rates. This study aimed at examining the impact of hope-focused, forgiveness-oriented marital counseling and the mixed one on decreasing interpersonal cognitive distortions of applicant couples to divorce in Isfahan, Iran. Method and Materials: It was a semi-experimental and double-bind design with pre- and post-tests and control group. Statistical population was 440 couples referred to Divorce Crisis Intervention Center (DCIC). The sample size was 60 divorcing couples. They were replaced randomly in four groups: hope-focused group, forgiveness-oriented group, mixed group, and control group. Couples as a unit were studied and analyzed. The research tool was Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (ICDS) which reliability with 3-items deleted was estimated 0.87, using Cronbach's alpha. The data was analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-wallis and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney's U tests. Findings: In general, hope and mixed interventions reported meaningful effects on total decrease of couples' interpersonal unrealistic expectations and interpersonal cognitive distortions in comparison of control group. All three interventions showed meaningful decrease in all three subscales of ICDS in comparison of their scores in pre-test scores as well. Conclusions: It is suggested to apply hope and combination of hope and forgiveness interventions to decrease couples' interpersonal cognitive distortions. In order to determining appropriate interventions, it's so important to rate levels of marital conflicts in which couples are.
اميد عيسي نژاد, سيد احمد احمدي, عذرا اعتمادي, رزگار قادرپور,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Relationship enhancement is one of the life skill training programs and it could effect on couples coping styles with life tensions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of relationship enhancement on improving marital coping strategies of couples in Isfahan. Method and Materials: The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control groups. The population was the couples who referred themselves to in order to conduct this study, 24 couples were randomly selected from the couples who were volunteer to take place in the research to nervous and psychiatry center in 2008. They lives 2 years with together at least and aren&rsquo;t in divorce stage then they randomly assigned in two experimental (13 couples) and control groups (11 couples). Relationship enhancement was administrated in 8 sessions for the experimental group. The data of the Marital Coping Inventory (MCI) was analyzed by covariance analysis. Findings: The result showed that relationship enhancement effectively led to decrease the marital conflict, introspective self-blame, and self-interest, marital avoidance strategies and to increase the positive approach strategy. The result of follow up after a month showed that there was differences between experimental and control groups considering the scores of marital coping strategies and its dimensions (p< 0.01). The efficacy of relationship enhancement had remained after a month. Conclusions: Results provided useful information for counselors and psychotherapists about relationship enhancement program and marital coping strategies and the ways of manipulation of these strategies. Relationship Enhancement (RE) may be implicated for improving of marital coping strategies and decreasing marital conflict in couple therapy.
سليمه جلالي, مژگان كار احمدي, حسين مولوي, اصغر آقايي,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Child social phobia is a common anxiety disorder that there is different intervention psychology treatment for it. The main purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Cognitive-behavior group play therapy on social phobia in 5-11 years old children. Methods and Materials: In this research of quasi experimental, from among of the children who were referred to child psychiatric clinics and who diagnosed by psychiatrist as having social phobia, 30 children were selected as an accessible sample and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received the group play therapy in 6 weekly sessions and the control group which did not receive any intervention. The parent form of sub-scales of social phobia of the Child Abnormal Symptoms Inventory (CSI-4) was administered to all subjects as the pre, post and follow up tests. Findings: The results showed that the difference between mean post test scores of social phobia in the experimental group means post test scores was significant, lower than the control group (P = 0.01). The results of fallow up test was also significant (P < 0. 01), the mean scores of the experimental group was less than that of control group. Conclusions: This research show that social phobia in experimental group was than control group, this finding is similar to research in Iran and another country. Cognitive- behavior group play therapy is effective to reducing children social phobia.
مرجان گلي, سيد مهدي احمدي, شادي گلي,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Infertility may cause various forms of emotional and psychosocial problems, especially among women. Many studies have focused on the psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and marital adjustment, in infertile women. However, very little research has been published concerning women&#039;s perception of infertility. This study aimed to investigate the irrational perception of parenthood in infertile women and its relation with demographic characteristics. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 137 infertile women were selected using convenience sampling from patients who referred to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center. Data was collected using questionnaires to assess demographic characteristics, quality of life, and irrational perception of parenthood. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman&#039;s correlation, and Pearson&#039;s correlation in SPSS. Findings: The mean score of irrational perception of parenthood was 41.0 &plusmn; 10.3. There was an inverse correlation between irrational perception of parenthood and education, economical status, and quality of life of couples (P < 0.01). Psychological pressure exerted by relatives was also correlated with irrational perception of parenthood (P < 0.05). Conclusions: High levels of irrational perception of parenthood existed among infertile women. They believed they needed to have children in order to live a happy life. Counseling has to be directed toward changing the perceptions of these women. Moreover, educational programs for close relatives and insurance coverage for infertility treatment are recommended.
رضا کرمي‌نيا, محسن احمدي طهور سلطاني, رضا باقريان سرارودي, زهرا مولوي,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (1-2013)
Abstract

Aim and Background: The aim of the present study was to investigatethe psychometric properties of the Trait Hope Scale and its relation with psychological well-being of Iranian university students. Methods and Materials: In this descriptivesurvey, 191 students of Hamadan Islamic Azad University (mean age: 24.17 &plusmn; 4.30 years; range: 18-45 years) were selected through stratified randomsampling.The participants completed Snyder&#039;s Trait Hope Scaleand State Hope Scale, Riff&#039;s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Inventory. Data was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach&#039;s alpha and split-half methods via SPSS 16 and LISREL 8.5 . Findings: Cronbach&#039;s alpha (0.83), split-half coefficient (0.80), divergent validity (with Beck Hopelessness Scale,-0.20), and criterion validity (with Snyder State Hope Scale, 0.55) were significant (P < 0.01). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 12-item Hope Scale for adults had one latent factor thatexplained 47% of the scale variance. Firstorder confirmatory factor analysis indicated that 8items of the scalehad high factor loadings on one latent factor.Univariate model appropriately fitted with the data (adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.91, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, normed fit index = 0.98). In addition, there was a significant relation between trait hope and psychological well-being (r = 0.25; P < 0.01). Conclusions: The Trait Hope Scale has high reliability and validity and thus can be usedinfuture research.
ميثم خديوي, يداله زرگر, ايران داودي, مجيد عيدي بايگي, علي احمديان,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (11-2013)
Abstract

Abstract Aim and Background: Type A individuals are more likely to suffer problems due to certain worldviews that job. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stress management therapy based on cognitive-behavior therapy on type A personality in industrial company employees Methods and Materials: This is study a quasi-experimental. population in this study included all Personnel of industrial Company, that company was registered in 1390, from among employees of the company were 500 people were randomly selected that basis on their respond to type a personality inventory. The final sample included 30 men who were selected randomly among 500 men with score upper one standard deviation from mean. The men were divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control). First performed Type A and job stressors inventories as pretest, then 10 sessions of group therapy of stress management based on cognitive-behavior therapy carried out. The data resulted from the research were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings: The results showed that both experimental and control groups after implementation of stress management indicates that there is a significant difference in the type A behavior pattern. Also, between the two groups in terms of type A and type A non-morbid disease so there is significant difference in stress management. Conclusions: Stress management training technique cognitive - behavioral is effective in modifying behavior patterns type A, and thereby can be psychological and occupational problems related to this type of personality in reduced staff.
نصيرالدين جاويدي, علي اکبر سليماني, خدابخش احمدي, منا صمدزاده,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (11-2013)
Abstract

Abstract Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to efficacy emotionally focused couples therapy (EFT) to improve communication patterns in couples.This research was a Quasi-experimental stud y. &nbsp; Method s and Materials: The sample included sixty (30 couples, N=60) that all were convenience selected and they were replaced randomly in experimental and control groups. All participants completed The Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ). In addition, age, state of agree and duration of marriage was investigated. Data was analyzed by Covariance analysis Findings: The results of the study showed that emotionally focused couples therapyhas been effective in improve communication patterns in couples. &nbsp; Conclusions: This difference is caused by the training program of how to deal with emotion management plays a main role in improving communication patterns.
خسرو محمدي, خدابخش احمدي, علي فتحي آشتياني, پرويز آزاد فلاح, عباس عبادی,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (11-2013)
Abstract

abstract Aim and Background: This study was conducted with the aim of explaining aspects of conceptual framework of indicators for mental health.Providing mental health indicators conceptual framework could provide for the creation of a unified set of mental health indicators. Methods and Materials: This research was conducted in the method of systematic review and in type of library researching and internet resources.To search for a reputable and well-known databases such as “medline”, “pubmed”, “ psyclit” and other informative sites were used. And the key words to the development, implementation and evaluation of mental health promotion programs were used. Findings: In most systems, health and mental health indicators conceptual framework used to comprehensively based on the following four aspects: health status, mental health factors, mental health system performance, and characteristics of the mental health system and community and health system characteristics.Also, according to the research, mental health indicators should be specific, measurable, reliable, valid, realistic, practical, cost effective, evidence based and ethical. Conclusions: Among the health  indicators conceptual framework, the framework proposed by the Canadian Institute for Health Information )CIHI( is of sufficient breadth and comprehensiveness. And it can be used with slight changes in Iran. based on this framework, a comprehensive general health indicators based on four dimensions: health status, health factors, health system, community and health system characteristics is investigated.
پديده کريمي, سيد محمد موسوي, الهه کمالي, منصور صالحي, مژگان کاراحمدي,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract

&nbsp; Abstract Autism is a developmental disability with age of onset in childhood (under 3 years old), which is characterized by definite impairments in social interactions, abnormalities in speech and stereotyped pattern of behaviors. Due to the progress of autism in recent decades, a wide range of studies have been done to identify the etiological factors of autism. It has been found that genetic and environmental factors are both involved in autism pathogenesis. Hence in this review article, a set of environmental factors involved in the occurrence of autism has been collected and finally some practical recommendations for reduction the risk of this devastating disease in children are represented.&nbsp; &nbsp;
معصومه بهبودي, محسن احمدي طهور سلطاني,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (12-2015)
Abstract

Abstract Aim and Background: The purpose of present study was to prediction of tendency toward drug use based on Substance use risk and protective factors among university students. Methods and Materials: The method of the study was to descriptive-correlational. Statistical population of study included all of Islamic Azad University students of Roudhen Branch from them 310 college students (165 male and 145 female) were selected &nbsp;by multi stage sampling methods and responded to Risk and protective factors questionnaire (Mohammadkhani,1385). Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and regression statistical methods using SPSS.18. Findings: Among protective factors self-concept and assertiveness have a negative correlation with tendency toward drug use (p<0.01) and among risk factors sensation seeking, attitude toward substance use, family conflicts, availability and social disorganization have a positive relation with attitude toward substance. The result of regression analysis showed that self-concept and attitude toward drug use could explain meaningful contribution of the attitude toward drug use variance. Also there is a significant difference between attitudes toward substance use in girls compared with boys. Conclusions: The recent study emphasis on the role of interpersonal, interpersonal and social- environmental in this area. The results of present study can be used to develop a training package in the prevention of substance abuse.
سيد محمد موسوي, الهه کمالي, پديده کريمي, منصور صالحي, مژگان کاراحمدي,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (12-2015)
Abstract

Abstract Aim and Background: Recent studies on autism, as the most important diseases in the autism spectrum disorders, emphasize the slight role of genome in causing autism compared to earlier estimates, and the leading role of environmental factors such as prenatal maternal stress in developing autism, mainly due to its high potential of perverting the neurodevelopment of embryo. &nbsp; Methods and Materials: In order to assess this hypothesis in Iran, some mothers of autistic children were compared with mothers of healthy children in terms of quantity, quality and timing of exposure to 45 stressful events in a 15-month period (6 months before pregnancy to the moment of birth). In addition, dividing these stressful events into two groups of genome-dependent events) events resulting from gene-environment interactions such as divorce and addiction) and genome-independent events (purely environmental events such as war and earthquake), their prevalence was separately scrutinized and compared among patient and control families. Findings: According to the results of this study, the severity and frequency of exposure to stress among mothers of autistic children were significantly greater than that of control mothers (p=0.000). Although the child&rsquo;s risk of autism increases significantly with the increase of maternal stress during 4-7 months (14-32 weeks) of pregnancy, the results of this study showed that the increased maternal stress during 2-3 months (5-13 weeks) of pregnancy leads to a significant increase in the severity of autism (p<0.05). Conclusions: However, although the present study consistent with recent findings in the fields of epigenetics and gene-environment interactions can reinforce the possible role of severe and scheduled prenatal stresses in autism, it does not deny the necessity of a prospective and wider study in Iran.
الهه آقايي, مژگان کار احمدي, علي عسگري,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (12-2015)
Abstract

Abstract Aim and Background: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy and filial therapy in reducing internalizing problems in children. Methods and Materials: The statistical population of this research were primary school children 7-8 year- old in Isfahan city . In order to select of sample group by using the cluster sampling, at first 3 regions between regions of Isfahan city were selected. Then in each region, 2 schools were selected randomly. Moreover, mothers of all 7-8 year-old children in these schools completed CBCL (Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001).then 30 children who obtained the highest score of internalizing scale of the CBCL were selected as a sample group. Children were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: child-centered play therapy and filial therapy. In child-centered play therapy group, each child participated in 16 sessions play therapy and in filial group, mothers received 10 group session. In two group, mothers completed CBCL twice before the intervention and twice after intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data Findings: The data revealed significant difference between play therapy and filial therapy in decreasing internalizing problems and anxiety/ depression but filial therapy was not more effective in depression/ with draw. Conclusions: Then, filial therapy can be considered suitable alternative for child-centered play therapy in decreasing internalizing disorder and depression/withdraw &nbsp;
سمانه محمدپور, فاطمه احمدي سبزواري, هدايت نظري,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (12-2015)
Abstract

Aim and Background: The objective of the present study was the comparison of the efficacy of pharmacotherapy with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in the reduction of the severity of symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and follow-up (1 month) was conducted from November to February of 2013. The statistical population consisted of all patients diagnosed with MDD by a psychiatrist based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and had medical records at the Sedigh Psychiatric Clinic in Khoramabad, Iran. The study participants consisted of 40 patients selected through convenience sampling method. The subjects were randomly assigned to the pharmacotherapy (n = 20) or MBCT groups (n = 20) and completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (pretest). Then, the MBCT group received 8 sessions of MBCT and the pharmacotherapy group received a 20-mg fluoxetine capsule daily for 2 months. At the end of the intervention, posttest was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS software. Findings: The results of the present study indicated a significant difference between the pharmacotherapy and MBCT groups (P < 0.001); the mean scores of the pharmacotherapy group showed a more significant decrease compared to the MBCT group. Nevertheless, the effects of MBCT showed greater persistence over the follow-up period. Conclusions: The results showed that both treatment methods were effective in improving depression in patients. However, pharmacotherapy was more effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and MBCT had more persistent therapeutic effects. Therefore, based on the results of such studies, it is recommended that researchers design clinical trials with the integration of empiric therapy methods in future studies.
سيد جعفر احمدي, مجتبي گشول, طيبه صفري, منصوره همتيان, زهرا خليلي,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (11-2016)
Abstract

Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the use of computers on learning prerequisite mathematical concepts and other cognitive concepts among children with autism. Methods and Materials: This was a quasi-experiment study with pretest and posttest and control group. The study population included 60 children with autism who were 6 to 14 years of age, and recieving training in the Isfahan Autism Center, Iran. From among them, 16 children were randomly selected and were matched based on the severity of their autistic symptoms. The subjects were randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups (n = 8). The participants in the experimental group received 6 months of intervention with the use of computers and applied behavior analysis (ABA) method. The control group only underwent the ABA. Subjects were evaluated in terms of comprehension of prerequisite mathematical and cognitive concepts using the researcher-made checklist. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA. Findings : A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of cognitive and prerequisite mathematical concepts (P = 0.009 and P = 0.001, respectively) in the posttest. Conclusions: It seems that the use of computers in combination with ABA method is effective in prerequisite mathematical and cognitive concepts learning among children with autism.
مهدي سليماني, خدابخش احمدي, ابوالفضل محمدي,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (11-2016)
Abstract

Aim and Background: In this systematic review, virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) was introduced and its effect on anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were studied. VRET has some advantages, compared to in vivo and imaginal exposure therapies, including greater safety and controllability. Thus, it has been introduced as a novel therapeutic method for the recovery and reconstruction of traumatic emotional experiences. Methods and Materials: Two databases of ScienceDirect and PubMed were searched for this review. As a result, 39 interventional studies in which VRET was applied for treating anxiety disorders and PTSD were retrieved. Findings: Results showed VRET had a positive effect on anxiety disorders, including specific and social phobia, panic disorder and agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, in post-treatment assessments. Moreover, VRET had similar positive effects to that of current effective psychotherapies, including in vivo exposure therapy and cognitive behavior therapy. Results of the literature review indicated that VRET is effective in cognitive, behavioral, and physiological levels. Moreover, the positive effects of VRET often persist during long-term follow-ups. Conclusions: VRET can be a part of the treatment process of anxiety disorders and PTSD. Further studies in this respect are recommended.
علي محمد بيگي, محسن معروفي, آزاده احمدي, ژاندارک اقليدي,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (12-2016)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Interference of psychological and physical factors in the digestive system has always been of grave importance. The aim of this study was to compare neurotic symptoms among patients with gastrointestinal disease, their healthy relatives, and a control group. Methods and Materials: This causal-comparative study was conducted through a descriptive design. The study participants were selected through convenience sampling and divided into patients (n = 100), healthy relatives (n = 60), and control (n = 100) groups. The data collection tool was the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Data were analyzed in SPSS software. Findings: A significant difference was observed between the three groups in terms of psychosis (P = 0.04), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (P < 0.001), somatization (P < 0.001), and anxiety (P = 0.02). Moreover, there was a significant difference between patients and control groups in terms of Global Symptoms Index (GSI) (P = 0.02), psychosis (P = 0.01), OCD (P < 0.001), somatization (P < 0.001), and anxiety (P = 0.01). There was a significant difference between the healthy relatives and control groups in terms of OCD (P = 0.02) and anxiety (P = 0.04). Conclusions: There is a strong relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and emotional problems. The results of the present study can be a basis for more in-depth studies on gastrointestinal disorders, and an important step toward the description, recognition, and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The performance of similar studies with a wider scope and greater depth is suggested.
احمد احمدي, احمد به‌پژوه,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (12-2016)
Abstract

Aim and Background: Sensorimotor difficulties, including abnormalities in muscle tone, gross and fine motor skills, balance, and motor coordination, are common co-occurring symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and influence different aspects of their lives. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of sensorimotor exercises on improvement of motor functioning and ASD symptoms. Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, from among autistic children in Tehran, 2 autistic children were selected through non-random convenience sampling technique to participate in the study. Data were collected using multiple baseline design, and through the Lincoln-Oseretsky Motor Development Scale and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS). After observation of a relatively stable baseline, the 7-part intervention plan, including body awareness, motor programming, bilateral motor integration, balance skills, fine motor coordination, functional vision skills, and oral-motor skills, was implemented. The data were analyzed using visual analysis, effect size, and inferential statistics including t-test. Findings: Results of t-test, effect size and visual analysis revealed a significant difference between baseline and treatment conditions. The mean scores of motor skills increased and mean scores of stereotypic behaviors decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicate that motor performance and stereotypic behaviors of children with ASD improved with sensorimotor exercises. However, no significant changes were observed in the social interaction and communication skills of the children.

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