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Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Introduction: A chronic illness, such as diabetes mellitus, creates changes in the life style and requires constant adjustment. The onset of a chronic illness can be a stressful event in any life stage including adolescence.. The interaction between the illness related problems and the psychosocial changes associated with normal adolescence makes it difficult for the patient to cope with the chronic illness in a constructive way.. Poor adherence to medical treatment and poor drug compliance are common concerns of the families and physicians dealing with diabetic adolescents. It is of an urgent importance to study effective, culturally appropriated interventions which focus on the high-risk diabetic adolescents with severe adherence difficulties and/or chronically poor metabolic control . Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial (Experimental design). The sample consisted of sixty randomly selected male and female diabetic adolescents living in Esfahan, with an age range between 12 to 18 years old. They were randomly assigned to four groups with different subjects of training including: personal self-efficacy, communication skills, both subjects and no training (control group). The scale of self-efficacy in diabetes and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were then administered to all participants. Treatment adherene was also evaluated using laboratory tests for Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) index. Data were analysed using the one-way Analysis of the Variance (one-way ANOVA). Findings: Significant difference was found between the groups regardind the scores of self-efficacy (F=3.725, P=0.017), FAD (F=4.151, P=0.01) and communication (F=8.302, P=0.000), as well as HbA1c results (F=3.088, P=0.035). Discussion: For preventing the short and the long term side effects of the diabetes mellitus, patients’ treatment adherence should be improved. Psychological interventions for enhancing self-efficacy and improving communication skills can be effective in this respect.

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Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Aim and Background: This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of face to face and internet-applied methods of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Counseling (CBGC) based on Ellis's theory in increasing marital satisfaction. Method and Materials: In a controlled experimental pre-post test study, a total number of 36 couples with low marital satisfaction referred to a university counseling center were randomly selected. They were then randomly assigned to one control and two experimental groups. The two different methods of CBGC were applied for the two experimental groups.   Data was analyzed using the one-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and the post-hoc Sheffeh's test through the SPSS-12 software. Findings: A significant higher increase was seen in marital satisfaction in both intervention groups compared with the control one (P Conclusion: For solving marital problems, internet-applied group counseling can be regarded as a good substitute for the face to face method in special conditions.

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Aim and Background: Fundamental dysfunctions  in  affective  regulation have particular  importance  in development of psychological symptoms in mood disorders. The study investigated the role of alexithymic personality features to predict psychopathological symptoms in patients with major depression. Method and Materials: This was a longitudinal descriptive study. The sample consisted of 323 patients with major depression (225 women, 98 men; 32-45 years old, mean age = 38, SD = 3). They had referred to psychiatric clinics of Ardebil province and were enrolled in the study through convenient sampling after completing and  signing  informed consent  forms. The  instruments used  for data collection were Toronto Alexithymia  Scale-20  and  Symptom  Checklist-90-R.  Data  were  analyzed  using  multiple  regression analyses. Findings: Results demonstrated that only the first alexithymia facet (difficulties with identifying feelings) was  a  significant  predictor  for  all  psychopathological  symptoms  in  patients  with  major  depression   (P = 0.001). The contributions of other facets of alexithymia appeared to be almost negligible.    Conclusions: In general many psychopathological symptoms in major depression are associated with the patients’ inability to identify emotions.

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Aim and Background: The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the reduction of adjustment disorder in elderly individuals. Methods and Materials: This was a semi-experimental and empirical study. The statistical population consisted of elderly individuals referring to daily rehabilitation centers and the Institute of Jahan Didegan in Tehran, Iran, for treatment and promotion of their psychological status. Subjects were selected via simple random and convenience sampling method. First, the Critical Life Event Inventory (CIEI) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were completed through clinical interviews. Then, by performing the Bell Adjustment Inventory (BDI), those with adjustment disorder were identified based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th Edition (DSM-V) criteria. Among the individuals with adjustment disorder, 30 elderly individuals were selected randomly and divided into 2 groups (N = 15 in each) of cognitive-behavior therapy (experimental) and control (waiting list). Finally, the posttest and 1-month fallow-up were conducted for both groups. Findings: ANOVA and Tukey test results revealed that there was a significant difference between the mean posttest and follow-up scores of the cognitive-behavioral therapy group on the reduction of adjustment disorder in elderly individuals (P = 0.001). Conclusions: CBT was effective on reducing adjustment disorder in elderly individuals.

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Aim and Background: Today, due to changes in lifestyle and weight gain, the age of diabetes is reduced, and the prevalence of diabetes is increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on weight loss, and blood glucose level in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods and Materials: In a semi-experimental, and pretest, posttest study with control group, 40 obese (body mass index of more than 30 kg/m 2 ) women with an age range of 30-65 years and with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly selected and divided into two equal groups of experimental and control. The patients were referred to the Iranian Diabetes Association (Central Branch), Tehran, Iran. The experimental group participated in a program of 24 sessions of 60 minutes based on cognitive-behavioral obesity intervention, that included two phases of reduction and weight retention; but the control group did not receive any training. Weighing and taking blood samples (for evaluation of the average level of three-month blood glucose) were performed at the first and last session of the intervention. Findings: The cognitive-behavioral obesity therapy led to weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and also reduced the level of blood glucose in them. Conclusions: The results indicate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These findings are of great importance in controlling the weight, and blood glucose level in these patients; since it is possible to use alternative therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy in treatment of obesity, as non-conventional medical treatments.

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Aim and Background: Vaginal delivery is one of the most stressful experiences of a mother's life. Therefore, a significant number of pregnant mothers select cesarean delivery as a method of termination of pregnancy to get rid of these conditions. Since one of the important factors in choosing cesarean in pregnant women is fear of labor pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing the fear of labor pain in the way of the reality therapy on the choice of vaginal delivery in pregnant women. Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design, with control group. The statistical sample of study included 39 pregnant women with gestational age ≥4 weeks in Nowshahr city, in Iran. These women had chosen cesarean section method for the termination of pregnancy and were visited for Midwifery Care in the Urban and Rural Health Centers from December of 2017 to March 2018. The sample was selected targeted non-random method and randomly divided into two experimental (20) and control groups (19). The reality therapy was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minute, twice a week for the experimental group. The. Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire (CAQ) was used for data collection. The data was analyzed using Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: After the intervention, the fear of labor pain in the experimental group was significantly different from that of the control group (p<.05). The scores of fear of labor pain in women who decided to undergo vaginal delivery after the reality therapy showed no significant difference with those who continued to perform cesarean section delivery for termination of pregnancy. Conclusions: The result showed that reality therapy can be used to reduce the fear of childbirth.

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Aim and Background: AIDS is a medical and social problem that is unfortunately associated with a high prevalence in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on increasing CD⁴ cell and quality of life in AIDS patients.

Methods and Materials: The statistical population included all AIDS patients referred to Shahriar Health Centers in 2018. Thirty patients were selected by Convenience sampling method and were replaced in two groups of 15 each. Participants were assessed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and blood tests for CD⁴. Subsequently, participants in the experimental group received 8 sessions (90 minutes) of spiritual therapy and the control group received no training. Data were analyzed by using analysis of analysis and SPSS version 23 software.

Findings: The results showed that spirituality therapy had a significant effect on the increase of CD⁴ in AIDS patients, but it did not have a significant effect on the quality of life of them.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the effect of spirituality therapy on CD⁴ is effective. But spirituality has not been effective in improving the quality of life.